Y-type Flux-Tube Formation and Gluonic Excitations in Baryons: From QCD to Quark Model

Using SU(3) lattice QCD, we perform the first systematic study for the ground-state three-quark (3Q) potential $V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm g.s.}$ and the 1st excited-state 3Q potential $V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm e.s.}$, {\it i.e.}, the energies of the ground state and the 1st excited state of the gluon field in the presence of the static three quarks. From the accurate and thorough calculation for more than 300 different patterns of 3Q systems, the static ground-state 3Q potential $V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm g.s.}$ is found to be well described by the Coulomb plus Y-type linear potential, {\it i.e.}, Y-Ansatz, within 1%-level deviation. As a clear evidence for Y-Ansatz, Y-type flux-tube formation is actually observed on the lattice in maximally-Abelian projected QCD. For more than 100 patterns of 3Q systems, we calculate the 1st excited-state 3Q potential $V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm e.s.}$ in quenched lattice QCD, and find the gluonic excitation energy $\Delta E_{\rm 3Q} \equiv V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm e.s.}-V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm g.s.}$ to be about 1 GeV. This large gluonic-excitation energy is conjectured to ensure the success of the quark model for the low-lying hadrons even without gluonic excitations.Comment: Talk given at International Conference on Color Confinement and Hadrons in Quantum Chromodynamics - Confinement 2003, RIKEN, Japan, 21-24 Jul 200

PHNs’ difficulties in prevention of child abuse

Aims：Child abuse is an important global issue. Public Health Nurses（PHNs）play a vital role in supporting children and their families to prevent child abuse. Considering the complex nature of child abuse, PHNs are likely to encounter various difficulties and supporting them is necessary. This study aimed to identify factors influencing the difficulties faced by PHNs in prevention of child abuse, and to understand the relationship between the PHN’s personal attributes and the difficulties faced. Method：A cross-sectional survey design was used in which ２５０ PHNs involved in prevention of child abuse participated. They were from public health centers and municipalities all over Japan. Data collected were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis. Results：Six factors on the difficulties that PHNs faced were extracted and identified as：“support of parents and their families facing problems,” “process of assessing the problem and linking to support,” “cooperation with relevant organizations,” “ability as a PHN to provide support,” “collaboration within the workplace,” and “support for abused children.” These difficulties were related to the PHNs’ number of years of experience, their current work position, training on abuse, and the number of child abuse cases they encountered. Conclusion：PHNs encounter various difficulties in the process of handling child abuse cases, but not all of them experience these difficulties in the same way. The results suggest that it is essential to focus on the nature of these difficulties depending on the personal characteristics of PHNs in order to provide effective support

Early T-cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia – A Characteristic Neoplasm Presenting the Phenotype of Common Hematopoietic Progenitors for both Myeloid and Lymphoid Lineages

Introduction: Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL) is a subtype of T-ALL and its clinical entity was established in recent years based on characteristic immunophenotyping and gene expression profiles. The cellular origin of ETP-ALL is supposed to be from common hematopoietic progenitors both for lymphoid and myeloid lineages because this leukemia phenotypically exhibits lymphoid, myeloid, and stem cell features. ETP-ALL comprises 5–15% of all T-ALL and is associated with a poor prognosis. The purpose of this chapter is to clarify the etiology, clinical picture, and therapeutic strategy of ETP-ALL showing two cases of this leukemia in our institution

Questionnaire Survey about Disaster Preparation for Users of Long-term Oxygen Therapy

Article信州医学雑誌 67(6): 407-416(2019)journal articl

Gluonic Higgs Scalar, Abelianization and Monopoles in QCD -- Similarity and Difference between QCD in the MA Gauge and the NAH Theory

We study the similarity and the difference between QCD in the maximally abelian (MA) gauge and the nonabelian Higgs (NAH) theory by introducing the ``gluonic Higgs scalar field'' $\vec \phi(x)$ corresponding to the ``color-direction'' of the nonabelian gauge connection. The infrared-relevant gluonic mode in QCD can be extracted by the projection along the color-direction $\vec \phi(x)$ like the NAH theory. This projection is manifestly gauge-invariant, and is mathematically equivalent to the ordinary MA projection. Since $\vec \phi(x)$ obeys the adjoint gauge transformation and is diagonalized in the MA gauge, $\vec \phi(x)$ behaves as the Higgs scalar in the NAH theory, and its hedgehog singularity provides the magnetic monopole in the MA gauge like the NAH theory. We observe this direct correspondence between the monopole appearing in the MA gauge and the hedgehog singularity of $\vec \phi(x)$ in lattice QCD, when the gluon field is continuous as in the SU($N_c$) Landau gauge. In spite of several similarities, QCD in the MA gauge largely differs from the NAH theory in the two points: one is infrared monopole condensation, and the other is infrared enhancement of the abelian correlation due to monopole condensation.Comment: Talk given at 16th International Conference on Particles and Nuclei (PANIC 02), Osaka, Japan, 30 Sep - 4 Oct 200

Study of Quark Confinement in Baryons with Lattice QCD

In SU(3) lattice QCD, we perform the detailed study for the ground-state three-quark (3Q) potential $V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm g.s.}$ and the 1st excited-state 3Q potential $V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm e.s.}$, i.e., the energies of the ground state and the 1st excited state of the gluon field in the presence of the static three quarks. From the accurate calculation for more than 300 different patterns of 3Q systems, the static ground-state 3Q potential $V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm g.s.}$ is found to be well described by the Coulomb plus Y-type linear potential (Y-Ansatz) within 1%-level deviation. As a clear evidence for Y-Ansatz, Y-type flux-tube formation is actually observed on the lattice in maximally-Abelian projected QCD. For about 100 patterns of 3Q systems, we calculate the 1st excited-state 3Q potential $V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm e.s.}$, and find a large gluonic-excitation energy $\Delta E_{\rm 3Q} \equiv V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm e.s.}-V_{\rm 3Q}^{\rm g.s.}$ of about 1 GeV, which gives a physical reason of the success of the quark model even without gluonic excitations. We present also the first study for the penta-quark potential $V_{\rm 5Q}$ in lattice QCD, and find that $V_{\rm 5Q}$ is well described by the sum of the OGE Coulomb plus multi-Y type linear potential.Comment: Invited talk at International Workshop on QCD Down Under, Adelaide, Australia, 10-19 Mar 200

The role of the colors of interior accessories in forming an impression of a room

When purchasing home interior furniture and accessories, several factors determine the color of the items that are chosen. People imagine how the item will look when actually placed in the room, anticipating whether it will fit in with the room or create the image they want. In order to help people make such decisions during shopping in stores and online, we analyzed the relationship between room color and item color. We prepared a photo of a home interior, processed the color of one item in the photo, and asked subjects about their impression of it. The color of the item was chosen from the colors used in the picture so that it could work in harmony with the room. Through the experiment, we found that even the color of a small item can affect the impression of an entire room