429 research outputs found
Cross-correlating the Thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect and the Distribution of Galaxy Clusters
We present the analytical formulas, derived based on the halo model, to
compute the cross-correlation between the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ)
effect and the distribution of galaxy clusters. By binning the clusters
according to their redshifts and masses, this cross-correlation, the so-called
stacked SZ signal, reveals the average SZ profile around the clusters. The
stacked SZ signal is obtainable from a joint analysis of an
arcminute-resolution cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment and an
overlapping optical survey, which allows for detection of the SZ signals for
clusters whose masses are below the individual cluster detection threshold. We
derive the error covariance matrix for measuring the stacked SZ signal, and
then forecast for its detection from ongoing and forthcoming combined
CMB-optical surveys. We find that, over a wide range of mass and redshift, the
stacked SZ signal can be detected with a significant signal to noise ratio
(total S/N \gsim 10), whose value peaks for the clusters with intermediate
masses and redshifts. Our calculation also shows that the stacking method
allows for probing the clusters' SZ profiles over a wide range of scales, even
out to projected radii as large as the virial radius, thereby providing a
promising way to study gas physics at the outskirts of galaxy clusters.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, minor revisions reflect PRD published
versio
Heating (Gapless) Color-Flavor Locked Quark Matter
We explore the phase diagram of neutral quark matter at high baryon density
as a function of the temperature T and the strange quark mass Ms. At T=0, there
is a sharp distinction between the insulating color-flavor locked (CFL) phase,
which occurs where Ms^2/mu < 2 Delta, and the metallic gapless CFL phase, which
occurs at larger Ms^2/mu. Here, mu is the chemical potential for quark number
and Delta is the gap in the CFL phase. We find this distinction blurred at
nonzero T, as the CFL phase undergoes an insulator-to-metal crossover when it
is heated. We present an analytic treatment of this crossover. At higher
temperatures, we map out the phase transition lines at which the gap parameters
Delta_1, Delta_2 and Delta_3 describing ds-pairing, us-pairing and ud-pairing
respectively, go to zero in an NJL model. For small values of Ms^2/mu, we find
that Delta_2 vanishes first, then Delta_1, then Delta_3. We find agreement with
a previous Ginzburg-Landau analysis of the form of these transitions and find
quantitative agreement with results obtained in full QCD at asymptotic density
for ratios of coefficients in the Ginzburg-Landau potential. At larger Ms^2/mu,
we find that Delta_1 vanishes first, then Delta_2, then Delta_3. Hence, we find
a "doubly critical'' point in the (Ms^2/mu,T)-plane at which two lines of
second order phase transitions (Delta_1->0 and Delta_2->0) cross. Because we do
not make any small-Ms approximation, if we choose a relatively strong coupling
leading to large gap parameters, we are able to pursue the analysis of the
phase diagram all the way up to such large values of Ms that there are no
strange quarks present.Comment: 24 pages; 22 figures; typos in labelling of Figs. 7, 20 correcte
テルピリジンおよびジチオラト配位子を用いた配位ナノシートの界面合成とその機能性の探求
学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : (主査)東京大学教授 西原 寛, 東京大学教授 塩谷 光彦, 東京大学教授 斉木 幸一朗, 東京大学教授 小澤 岳昌, 東京大学教授 長谷川 哲也University of Tokyo(東京大学
気管支喘息患者における白血球ロイコトリエン産生能に対する不飽和脂肪酸食の効果に影響する因子
Dietary supplementation with perilla seed oil, a vegetable oil rich in α -lin- olenic acid, inhibits the generation of leukotrienes(LTs) by leucocytes in patients with bronchial asthma. We examined the factors that affect the suppression of LT generation by leucocytes with perilla seed oil-rich supplementation in patients with asthma, by comparing the clinical features of patients with asthma, whose generation of leukotriene (LT) C4 was suppressed by dietary supplementation with perilla seed oil (n-3 fatty acids) (group A), with those of patients who showed no suppression of LTC4 generation (group B). Group A showed a significant increase in the generation of LTB4 and L TC4 by leucocytes after corn oil-rich supplementation (n-6 fatty acids), and a significant decrease in the generation of LTB4 and LTC4 after perilla seed oil-rich supplementation (n-3 fatty acid). However, this was not observed in group B. The level of serum IgE and peak expiratory flow (PEF) in group A were significantly higher
than in group B. Furthermore, the serum levels of LDL-cholesterol, β-lipoprotein and phospholipid were significantly lower in group A than in group B. These results suggest that the clinical features differ between these two asthmatic populations with respect to suppression of LTB4 and LTC4 generation by n-3 fatty acids in perilla seed oil-rich supplementation.a-リノレン酸の豊富なエゴマ油の食事は気管支喘息患者の白血球ロイコトリエン(LT)産生能を抑制する。気管支喘息患者の内,エゴマ油食によりLTC4の産生が抑制された群(A群)と抑制されない群(B群)の臨床データを比較することにより,気管支喘息患者の白血球ロイコトリエン産生能に影響する因子を検討した。A群はコーン油(n-6系脂肪酸)の豊富な食事後,白血LTB4,LTC4の産生能が増加し,エゴマ油(n-3系脂肪酸)の豊富な食事後LTB4,LTC4の産生能が減少した。これらの変化はB群では認められなかった。A群のIgE値,ピークフロー(PEF)値はB群に比し,有意に高値であった。またLDL-コレステロール,β-リポ蛋白,リン脂質はA群ではB群に比し,有意に低値であった。これらの結果はエゴマ油の豊富な食事のn-3系脂肪酸によるLTB4,LTC4の産生能の抑制に関して2群の気管支喘息患者群間に臨床データの相違があることを示唆している
High-Temperature Resistant Water-Soluble Polymers Derived From Exotic Amino Acids
© The Royal Society of Chemistry. High-performance water-soluble polymers have a wide range of applications from engineering materials to biomedical plastics. However, existing materials are either natural polymers that lack high thermostability or rigid synthetic polymers. Therefore, we design an amino acid-derived building block, 4,4′-diamino-α-truxillate dianion (4ATA2−), that induces water solubility in high-performance polymers. Polyimides containing 4ATA2− units are intrinsically water-soluble and are processed into films cast from an aqueous solution. The resulting polyimide films exhibit exceptional transparency and extremely high thermal stability. In addition, the films can be made insoluble in water by simple post-treatment using weak acid or multivalent metal ions such as calcium. The synthesized polyimide\u27s derived from bio-based resources are useful for yielding waterborne polymeric high-performance applications
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