Neural Quantum Embedding: Pushing the Limits of Quantum Supervised Learning

Quantum embedding is indispensable for applying quantum machine learning techniques to classical data, and has substantial impacts on performance outcomes. In this study, we present Neural Quantum Embedding (NQE), a method that efficiently optimizes quantum embedding by leveraging classical deep learning techniques. NQE enhances the lower bound of the empirical risk, leading to substantial improvements in classification performance. Moreover, NQE improves robustness against noise. To validate the effectiveness of NQE, we conduct experiments on IBM quantum devices for image data classification, resulting in a remarkable accuracy enhancement from 0.52 to 0.96. Numerical analysis of the local effective dimension highlights that NQE improves the trainability and generalization performance of quantum neural networks. Furthermore, NQE achieves improved generalization in the quantum kernel method, as evidenced by a reduction in the upper bound of the expected risk.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure

Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for U(1)B−L gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the U(1)B−L gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM

Eco-efficiency approach for global warming in the context of Kyoto Mechanism

This study discusses an approach to measuring and improving the economic and ecological efficiency of Kyoto Mechanism projects. The approach consists of Global Warming Eco-Efficiency (GWEE), Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) & Joint Implementation (JI) Environmental-Efficiency (EE) and CDM & JI Economic-Productivity (EP). The GWEE indicator is based on the ratio of the value added of a system to its global warming influence in order to measure the eco-efficiency of a product in terms of the global warming issue. In addition, CDM & JI EE and CDM & JI EP are proposed to measure the environmental and economic performances of CDM and JI projects, respectively. While EE is defined as the ratio of the Certified Emission Reductions (CER) obtained from a CDM project or Emission Reduction Unit (ERU) from a JI project to total global warming influence relevant to the CDM or JI implemented, EP is defined as the ratio of the total of CER profit (and ERU profit) and the sales revenue to the costs of the CDM (and JI) implemented. Then, the feasibility of these indicators is examined through a case study for the power generations in the field of alternative energy.Eco-efficiency GW eco-efficiency Global warming Kyoto Mechanism CDM & JI Environmental-Efficiency CDM & JI Economic-Productivity

Synthesis and optical properties of copolymers containing electron transporting 1,3,4-oxadiazole pendant groups

Well-defined copolymer, P(3,6-EHCZ-alt-MPAOXD), containing a triarylamine and N-alkylcarbazole groups (as hole transport moieties with blue emission) in the main chain and a 1,3,4-oxadiazole pendant group (as an electron transporting moiety) was synthesized by Pd-catalyzed polycondensation of N-(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-dibromo carbazole with 2-methylphenyl-5-(4-aminophenyl)-1, 3,4-oxadiazole. For comparison, P(3,6-EHCZ-alt-AL) containing a triarylamine and a carbazole groups in the main chain was also prepared. P(3,6-EHCZ-alt-AL) exhibited λmax,UV at 309 nm and λmax,PL in the range of blue emission at 452 nm. However, P(3,6-EHCZ-alt-MPAOXD) exhibited λmax,UV at 283 nm with a new peak at 359 nm, and red-shifted PL emission at 506 nm, possibly attributed to the extended conjugation by 1,3,4-oxadiazole pendant group. The electrochemical results revealed that incorporation of 1,3,4-oxadiazole group in the polymer side chain provided a closely matched HOMO energy levels with hole-injecting PEDOT layer, and reduced the band gap energy level.1

Synthesis and optical properties of copolymers containing electron transporting 1,3,4-oxadiazole pendant groups

Well-defined copolymer, P(3,6-EHCZ-alt-MPAOXD), containing a triarylamine and N-alkylcarbazole groups (as hole transport moieties with blue emission) in the main chain and a 1,3,4-oxadiazole pendant group (as an electron transporting moiety) was synthesized by Pd-catalyzed polycondensation of N-(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-dibromo carbazole with 2-methylphenyl-5-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole. For comparison, P(3,6-EHCZ-alt-AL) containing a triarylamine and a carbazole groups in the main chain was also prepared. P(3,6-EHCZ-alt-AL) exhibited lambda(max,UV) at 309 nm and lambda(max,PL) in the range of blue emission at 452 nm. However, P(3,6-EHCZ-alt-MPAOXD) exhibited lambda(max,UV) at 283 nm with a new peak at 359 nm, and red-shifted PL emission at 506 nm, possibly attributed to the extended conjugation by 1,3,4-oxadiazole pendant group. The electrochemical results revealed that incorporation of 1,3,4-oxadiazole group in the polymer side chain provided a closely matched HOMO energy levels with hole-injecting PEDOT layer, and reduced the band gap energy levelclose1

Clearance of human papillomavirus infection after successful conization in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

The natural history of high-risk human papillomavirus (HRHPV) infection after successful treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is not well known. This study was performed to evaluate the rate and pattern of HRHPV infection clearance after successful conization for CIN and to analyze factors associated with such clearance. A total of 287 patients who underwent loop electrosurgical excision procedures (LEEP) owing to HRHPV-associated CIN were included. All patients had negative resection margins on LEEP specimens and underwent HPV testing with the hybrid capture II system at 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 18 and 24-month follow-up visits after LEEP. Persistent HPV infections were detected in 45.6%, 14.3%, 6.3%, 2.2%, 1.5% and 1.1% of patients at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months after LEEP, respectively. Clearance rates did not differ by age, parity or severity of cervical lesion. However, clearance rates were significantly slower in patients with HPV DNA loads >500 RLU/PC before LEEP (p = 0.040). During 2 years of follow-up after LEEP, 24 patients had recurrent disease revealed by biopsy. The odds ratios for recurrent disease in patients with persistent HRHPV infection increased gradually from 5.17 at the 3-month follow-up visit to 12.54, 15.69 and 25.90 at 6-, 9-, 12- and 24-month follow-up visits, respectively. We conclude that HRHPV infection cleared gradually in most patients within 6 months of treatment. Clearance rates were significantly slower in patients with HPV DNA loads >500 RLU/PC. Persistent HPV infection was a significant positive predictor of recurrence.zur Hausen H, 2009, VIROLOGY, V384, P260, DOI 10.1016/j.virol.2008.11.046Castle PE, 2008, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V46, P2595, DOI 10.1128/JCM.00824-08Aerssens A, 2008, HISTOPATHOLOGY, V52, P381, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02956.xBae JH, 2007, INT J GYNECOL CANCER, V17, P1271, DOI 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.00945.xRodriguez AC, 2007, SEX TRANSM DIS, V34, P494, DOI 10.1097/01.olq.0000251241.03088.a0Woodman CBJ, 2007, NAT REV CANCER, V7, P11, DOI 10.1038/nrc2050Alonso I, 2006, GYNECOL ONCOL, V103, P631, DOI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.04.016Song SH, 2006, GYNECOL ONCOL, V101, P418, DOI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.10.028Tsai HT, 2005, CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR, V14, P2544, DOI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0240Cogliano V, 2005, LANCET ONCOL, V6, P204Sarian LOZ, 2004, J CLIN VIROL, V31, P270, DOI 10.1016/j.jcv.2004.05.012Hudelist G, 2004, GYNECOL ONCOL, V92, P873, DOI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2003.11.035Zielinski GD, 2003, GYNECOL ONCOL, V91, P67, DOI 10.1016/S0090-8258(03)00415-3Sherman ME, 2003, CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR, V12, P1038Debarge VH, 2003, GYNECOL ONCOL, V90, P587, DOI 10.1016/S0090-8258(03)00372-XCosta S, 2003, GYNECOL ONCOL, V90, P358, DOI 10.1016/S0090-8258(03)00268-3BRENNA SMF, 2003, SAO PAULO MED J, V121, P128Poljak M, 2002, J CLIN VIROL, V25, pS89Elfgren K, 2002, OBSTET GYNECOL, V100, P965Acladious NN, 2002, INT J CANCER, V98, P435, DOI 10.1002/ijc.10080Peitsaro P, 2002, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V40, P886, DOI 10.1128/JCM.40.3.886-891.2002Kucera E, 2001, EUR J OBSTET GYN R B, V100, P72Jain S, 2001, GYNECOL ONCOL, V82, P177Lin CT, 2001, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V184, P940Nobbenhuis MAE, 2001, BRIT J CANCER, V84, P796Nagai Y, 2000, GYNECOL ONCOL, V79, P294Kjellberg L, 2000, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V183, P1238, DOI 10.1067/mob.2000.107322Pisani P, 1999, INT J CANCER, V83, P18Walboomers JMM, 1999, J PATHOL, V189, P12Mitchell MF, 1998, OBSTET GYNECOL, V92, P737DISTEFANO A, 1998, INFECT DIS OBSTET GY, V6, P214Bollen LJM, 1997, SEX TRANSM DIS, V24, P456Kjaer SK, 1996, INT J CANCER, V65, P601Elfgren K, 1996, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V174, P937NIEMINEN P, 1995, OBSTET GYNECOL, V85, P1017BIGRIGG A, 1994, LANCET, V343, P32TABOR A, 1990, OBSTET GYNECOL, V76, P633PARKIN DM, 1990, INT J CANCER, V80, P827SCHNEIDER A, 1987, INT J CANCER, V39, P717CRUM CP, 1986, AM J PATHOL, V123, P174

Phenylboronic acid conjugated to doxorubicin nanocomplexes as an anti-cancer drug delivery system in hepatocellular carcinoma

Anti-cancer strategies using nanocarrier systems have been explored in a variety of cancers; these systems can easily be incorporated into tumors via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect leading to enhanced anti-tumor activity while reducing systemic toxicity by specific tumor targeting. The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is extremely poor when the condition is diagnosed at the unresectable stage as treatment options are limited. In order to improve the treatment of cancer and the overall anti-cancer effect, polymerized phenylboronic acid conjugated doxorubicin (pPBA-Dox) nanocomplexes were generated, and conjugated doxorubicin, which is conventionally used in HCC. The nanocomplexes exhibited enhanced anti-tumor activity via tumor-specific targeting in the subcutaneous and orthotopic HCC syngeneic mice tumor model, implying that the nanocomplexes facilitate the targeted Dox delivery to liver cancer in which the sialic acid is over-expressed. Therefore, this study provides insight into the novel targeted therapy using the nanocomplexes for the treatment of HCC. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).11Ysciescopu