Possible Smart City Solutions in the Fight against Black Economy

According to international statistics, Hungary has a high ratio of black economy. On December 31th of 2017, the number of registered corporations reached 1.7 million, of which 395 910 were registered in Budapest [1]. There is a clear need for such measures and developments that are aimed to track corporations at the e-government level, and such infocommunicational equipment and services that essentially promote the arrangement of data. Black employment is one of the most easily identified territories of the hidden economy. Employers must register the working hours, and they are also responsible for the factual, real and entire content of the registry. A number of entry systems are available which – besides ensuring electronic protection – are also suitable for registering the working hours. These systems, however, have both advantages and disadvantages, and different types of abuses have become widespread. The purpose of the study is to provide an overview of these systems based on their ability to reduce black employment and the limitations of their applicability from the point of data protection, with particular attention to the introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union from 25 May 2018 in all member states. Employers manage data through their legitimate interest on web and telephone usage, control of emails, or even GPS-based location information. Likewise, legitimate interest is also the basis of the introduction of workplace monitoring systems. To reduce the size of the black economy, the use of an electronic system would be the most suitable tool – which would transfer the information extracted from the system to an immediate tax authority – based on the patterns of online cash registers or online billing programs. This, on the one hand, could provide the basis for the necessary identification and work documentation, but on the other hand, it raises the risk of excessive data handling, which is illegal

Az on-line vásárlás vevői elfogadottsága Magyarországon (Adoption of on-line commerce in Hungary)

A hazai internethasználat terjedésével egyre népszerűbbek az on-line kereskedelmi modellek, egyre több cég kísérli meg, hogy terméket vagy szolgáltatást értékesítsen az interneten. Például az on-line könyvértékesítések és a diszkont légitársaságok jegyeladásai az e-kereskedelem kiugró ágazatai közé tartoznak – ez a hasonlóság adja a tanulmány alapját. Dinamikusan növekvő keresleti igények honorálják az internetes megjelenést, és fordítva: a fogyasztói e-felkészültséget gyakran a kínálati oldal indukálja. A szerzők kutatásukban a hazai internethasználat bemutatásával és fókuszcsoportos beszélgetések révén próbálják meg feltárni, hogy mi minden szükséges ahhoz, hogy valódi alternatívát jelentsen az on-line kereskedelem a vevők számára. Kísérletet tesznek a keresleti oldal átfogó bemutatására, hasonlóságokra és különbségekre fókuszálva, valamint szintén összevetik a kínálati oldal jellemző karaktereit, ezek egyezőségeit és eltéréseit vizsgálva. ______________ With the spreading of Hungarian internet usage online e-commerce models have become more and more popular, more and more companies start to sell products and services via the internet. For instance the on-line book sales and purchase of discount airline tickets belong to the leading branches of e-business and demonstrate that dynamically increasing demand generates supply. In this research first the authors introduces the basic data about internet usage in Hungary. Then, based on a series of focused group discussions they examine what the key customer requirements are to really consider e-commerce as a serious alternative for traditional shopping. They attempt to describe the demand side and juxtapose it with the characteristics of the supply side of Hungarian e-commerce

On the efficiency of dual-chamber biocatalytic electrochemical cells applying membrane separators prepared with imidazolium-type ionic liquids containing [NTf2]− and [PF6]− anions

In this study, the dependency of energy recovery on separator characteristics applied in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was sought by testing an emerging class of membranes (supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs), prepared with [hmim][PF6] and [bmim][NTf2] ionic liquids) comparatively with well-known proton exchange (Nafion N115) and microfiltration (PVDF) counterparts. Crucial membrane features such as O2 and substrate (acetate as the sole carbon source) crossovers were assessed and as a result, mass transfer as well as diffusivity coefficients of these compounds (kO, kA, DO, DA, respectively) were determined. The experiments showed that SILM-operated MFCs could work in a reliable way and among them, the [bmim][NTf2]-based one produced higher specific energy yield (YS = 9.78 kJ g−1CODin m−2) than the Nafion-MFC (YS = 8.25 kJ g−1CODin m−2) used as an important reference. This outcome was found to be associated with the membrane-cross oxygen shuttle properties of the membranes (kO = 1.25 cm s−1 and 1.31 cm s−1, respectively). As for the two SILMs, significant differences in terms of the energy yield, mass transfer and diffusion coefficients were noted, however, it has appeared from cell polarization measurements that the internal resistances of the SILM-MFCs were nearly the same. The evaluation of the SILM-operated MFCs’ power production was complemented by measuring the dielectric traits of ionic liquids that can be related with the ion conductivity of these materials. It turned out that the [hmim][PF6] IL had an order of magnitude lower ionic conductivity

The Semmelweis Study: a longitudinal occupational cohort study within the framework of the Semmelweis Caring University Model Program for supporting healthy aging

The Semmelweis Study is a prospective occupational cohort study that seeks to enroll all employees of Semmelweis University (Budapest, Hungary) aged 25 years and older, with a population of 8866 people, 70.5% of whom are women. The study builds on the successful experiences of the Whitehall II study and aims to investigate the complex relationships between lifestyle, environmental, and occupational risk factors, and the development and progression of chronic age-associated diseases. An important goal of the Semmelweis Study is to identify groups of people who are aging unsuccessfully and therefore have an increased risk of developing age-associated diseases. To achieve this, the study takes a multidisciplinary approach, collecting economic, social, psychological, cognitive, health, and biological data. The Semmelweis Study comprises a baseline data collection with open healthcare data linkage, followed by repeated data collection waves every 5 years. Data are collected through computer-assisted self-completed questionnaires, followed by a physical health examination, physiological measurements, and the assessment of biomarkers. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Semmelweis Study, including its origin, context, objectives, design, relevance, and expected contributions

Screening and monitoring of the BTK C481S mutation in a real-world cohort of patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia during ibrutinib therapy

The Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib has revolutionised the therapeutic landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Acquired mutations emerging at position C481 in the BTK tyrosine kinase domain are the predominant genetic alterations associated with secondary ibrutinib resistance. To assess the correlation between disease progression, and the emergence and temporal dynamics of the most common resistance mutation BTKC481S , sensitive (10-4 ) time-resolved screening was performed in 83 relapsed/refractory CLL patients during single-agent ibrutinib treatment. With a median follow-up time of 40 months, BTKC481S was detected in 48·2% (40/83) of the patients, with 80·0% (32/40) of them showing disease progression during the examined period. In these 32 cases, representing 72·7% (32/44) of all patients experiencing relapse, emergence of the BTKC481S mutation preceded the symptoms of clinical relapse with a median of nine months. Subsequent Bcl-2 inhibition therapy applied in 28/32 patients harbouring BTKC481S and progressing on ibrutinib conferred clinical and molecular remission across the patients. Our study demonstrates the clinical value of sensitive BTKC481S monitoring with the largest longitudinally analysed real-world patient cohort reported to date and validates the feasibility of an early prediction of relapse in the majority of ibrutinib-treated relapsed/refractory CLL patients experiencing disease progression

Az időskorúak szociális helyzete, az idősgondozás lehetőségei Biharkeresztes szociális ellátórendszere

régi képzésSzociális munka szak levelezőB

Effect of solubility enhancement on nasal absorption of meloxicam

Besides the opioids the standard management of the World Health Organization suggests NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) alone or in combination to enhance analgesia in malignant and non-malignant pain therapy. The applicability of NSAIDs in a nasal formulation is a new approach in pharmaceutical technology. In order to enhance the nasal absorption of meloxicam (MX) as an NSAID, its salt form, meloxicam potassium monohydrate (MXP), registered by Egis Plc., was investigated in comparison with MX. The physico-chemical properties of the drugs (structural analysis, solubility and dissolution rate) and the mucoadhesivity of nasal formulations were controlled. In vitro and in vivo studies were carried out to determine the nasal applicability of MXP as a drug candidate in pain therapy. It can be concluded that MX and MXP demonstrated the same equilibrium solubility at the pH5.60 of the nasal mucosa (0.017mg/ml); nonetheless, MXP indicated faster dissolution and a higher permeability through the synthetic membrane. The animal studies justified the short Tmax value (15min) and the high AUC of MXP, which is important in acute pain therapy. It can be assumed that the low mucoadhesivity of MXP spray did not increase the residence time in the nasal cavity, and the elimination from the nasal mucosa was therefore faster than in the case of MX. Further experiments are necessary to prove the therapeutic relevance of this MXP-containing innovative intranasal formulation