Characteristics of a good teacher in terms of students of health school in shahrekord university of medical sciences

Introduction: Although different characteristics of a good teacher have been presented by numerous Studies, efforts continue to determine common characteristic. In this study characteristics of a good Teacher regarding Viewpoints of students are evaluated. Method: In this descriptive, analytical and cross-Sectional study 140 health faculty students were selected through census sampling. Data gathering tool consists of a questionnaire with 24 options. Validity and reliability was confirmed by content validity and alpha kronbakh (0.87) respectively. Data was analysed by using Statistical t-Test, chi square, ANOVA, Kroskal valise and analysed variance (P<0.05) through SPSS software. Results: Findings show that, (%39) of participants were male , (%69). 1 Female, (%42.4) associates degree and (%57.6) Bachelors degree. Based on students View points, teachers proficiency with (%96.4) and general knowledge about specified lesson (%94.3) identified as the most important characteristics of a good teacher. The lowest importance belongs to hard-teacher (%61.9). There was significant difference between student's age and their viewpoints about presenting attractive materials, speaking eloquently, friendly relationship between teacher and students and Suitable eyecontact. Conclusion: different studies based on student's viewpoints identified some criteria for a good teacher in different domains, so attracting teacher's attention to these domains, Leads to attracting students trust, improving of educational function and effective teaching. Also, based on current research result and emphasizing on teachers proficiency in teaching specified material as the most important criteria for a good teacher, teachers should consider these characteristics in educational activities and try to motivate students and promote knowledge efficac

Effect of electromagnetic field (3mT frequency) on heart ulatrastructure in mice

زمینه و هدف: شرایط زندگی مدرن سبب شده است که انسان به طور مداوم در معرض میدان های الکترومغناطیس قرار گیرد. مطالعات اپیدمیولوژیک و آزمایشگاهی حیوانی اثر سوء میدان های الکترومغناطیس را بر سیستم های بیولوژیک نشان داده است. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین اثرات میدان های الکترومغناطیس بر فرا ساختمان سلول های قلبی انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی 30 سر رت ماده نژاد ویستار به دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل (در هر گروه پانزده سر) تقسیم شدند. رت های گروه آزمایش به مدت 4 ماه و روزانه 4 ساعت در معرض میدان الکترومغناطیس با شدت 3 میلی تسلا قرار گرفتند. پس از اتمام این مدت حیوانات گروه آزمایش و کنترل کشته و نمونه های قلب جهت مطالعه با میکروسکوپ الکترونی آماده شدند. سلول ها از نظر کمی و تعداد در دو گروه کنترل و آزمایش با استفاده از آزمون t-test تجریه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: یافته ها نشان داد که هسته سلول های عضله قلبی کوچک، متراکم و هتروکروماتیک شده اند به طوری که میانگین قطر هسته در گروه کنترل و آزمایش به ترتیب 005/±085/0 و 009/0±057/0 میلی متر (001/0

Effect of Euphorbia helioscopia extract on acute and chronic pain in mice

Most of analgesics have side effects and introducing new drags is essential. Euphorbia helioscopia is a medicinal plant which is used by people in Chaharmahal Bakhtiary province of Iran as a painkiller. This experiment was performed to study the analgesic effect of an alcoholic extract from the aerial parts of Euphorbia helioscopia by formalin test. METHODS: In an experimental study 100 Balb/c mice were divided into 10 groups as follows: group 1 received distilled water, group 2 to 7 received 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 2 and 8mg/mouse of alcoholic extract, respectively. Group 8 received 6 mg/kg ibuprofen, group 9, 1 mg/kg naloxone and group 10 received naloxone and extract. The pain-related behavior was counted for a period of 30 min, following injection of 20 microliter of 1.5 formalin. The data obtained in case groups were compared with the ones in control group. The plant was extracted by maceration method using ethanol 96. The extract was then concentrated and reconstructed in normal saline to produce different desired concentrations. FINDINGS: In the first 5 minutes (acute period) of the experiment 8mg/mouse of the extract and in the following 25 minutes, 0.1 and 8mg/mouse of the extract reduced pain reaction, compared to control group (p<0.05). Naloxone had no effect on this effect of the extract. CONCLUSION: Euphorbia helioscopia has antinociceptive activity that is not due to interaction with opioid system

Effect of Euphorbia helioscopia on acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions in Balb/c mice

زمینه و هدف: فلاونوئیدها ترکیبات پلی فنولیک با اثر آنتی اکسیدانی هستند که باعث کاهش درد می شوند. شیرمال (Euphorbia helioscopia) گیاهی است حاوی ترکیبات فلاونوئیدی که در این تحقیق اثر آن بر کاهش انقباضات شکمی ناشی از اسید استیک مطالعه شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مداخله ای، اثر عصاره الکلی شیرمال بر انقباضات شکمی (رایتینگ) ناشی از اسید استیک در مـــوش Balb/c مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در این روش 110 مــوش با محدوده وزنی 5±25 گرم به 11 گروه ده تایی تقسیـم شدند. گروه 1 دریافت کننده آب مقطر و هر کدام از موش های گروه 2 تا 7 به ترتیب 05/0، 1/0، 2/0، 4/0، 2 و 8 میلی گرم از عصاره را دریافت کردند. گروه 8 و 9 به ترتیب 6 و 12 میلی گرم بر کیلو گرم ایبوپروفن و گروه 10 و 11 نالوکسان (1 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) یا نالوکسان و عصاره را دریافت کردند. تعداد عکس العمل (رایتینگ) موش ها در گروه های دریافت کننده عصاره شمارش و با نتایج گروه شاهد مقایسه شد. عصاره گیری با استفاده از اتانول 96 به طریقه ماسراسیون انجام و توسط تقطیر در خلاء تغلیظ شد. عصاره غلیظ شده در آب مقطــــر حل و دوز های مختلف عصاره به دست آمد. نتـایج با آزمون های آماری کروسکال والیس و تعقیبی دان تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: عصاره mg/mouse 8 گیاه شیرمال در مقایسه با گروه کنترل به طور معنی داری باعث کاهش میزان انقباضات شکمی در موش شد (05/0

Abortificient effects of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl in mice

زمینه و هدف: مطالعات مختلف نشان داده اند که خانم ها بدون توجه به تاثیرات سقط آور و ناهنجاری زایی بیشتر گیاهان دارویی به استفاده از این گیاهان در دوران حاملگی می پردازند. از جمله این گیاهان که دارای خواص متعدد درمانی مثل اضطراب چای کوهی (Stachys lavandulifolia) است که تا به حال اثر سقط زایی آن بررسی نشده است. لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تاثیر عصاره چای کوهی در غلظت های مختلف در ایجاد سقط در موش های سوری انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه، 36 سر موش سوری بالغ ماده پس از جفت گیری و مشاهده پلاک واژنی، به صورت تصادفی به شش گروه تقسیم شدند. دو گروه به عنوان کنترل و چهار گروه به عنوان مورد که از روز 7 تا 12 حاملگی به مدت 6 روز عصاره چای کوهی با غلظت های 50، 100، 150 و 200 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم به صورت داخل صفاقی دریافت کردند. در روز 16 حاملگی عمل سزارین انجام و تعداد جنین های جذب شده شمارش و به عنوان سقط در نظر گرفته شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با تست آماری کروسکال والیس و آزمون تعقیبی دان صورت گرفت. یافته ها: میانگین نسبت جنین های سقط شده در غلظت های 50، 100، 150 و 200 mg/kg به ترتیب 108/0±136/0، 151/0±263/0، 391/0±583/0 و 172/0±353/0 بود و در دو گروه کنترل جنین سقط شده مشاهده نشد. بر اساس آزمون کروسکال والیس اثرات سقط زایی گیاه وابسته به دوز است (05/0>P). نتیجه گیری: عصاره گیاه چای کوهی دارای خواص سقط آور می باشد و لازم است مصرف این گیاه در دوران بارداری با احتیاط صورت گیرد

Effect of Portulaca oleracea L vice versa silver sulfadiazine on burn wound healing in Balb/c mice

Background and aim: The effect of herbal medicine with antitoxidant activity on burn wound healing has been proven in various studies. Portulaca oleracea L (Purslane) is a rich source of antioxidants and fatty acids. This study was carried out to compare the effect of purslane and silver on the second-degree burn wound healing in Balb/c mice. Methods: In this preclinical study, burn wounds were made with a hot plate on the back of 85 Balb/c mice. Four groups of mice were treated topically for 21 days by vaseline, silver salfadiazin, 1% and 10% purslane. Wound size on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 were measured. Data were analyzed using Kruskal- Wallis and test. Results: Results showed that the recovery was observed in silver group, 10% purslane, 1% purslane and vaseline, respectively. There was no significant difference in burn wound healing between silver and 10% purslane groups on days 14 and 21 (P>0.05), but significant difference between vaseline and 10% purslane groups on days 14 and 21 (P<0.05). Conclusion: Regarding to the finding of this study, extracts of 10% purslane expedites the wound healing process in mice. Therefor, it might be beneficial in patients with burn wound

Comparison of antitumour activities of heated and raw garlic extracts on fibrosarcoma in mice

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Garlic has been shown to have anti-tumoral and anti-metastatic activities in some kinds of cancer. Therefore, it may be effective against fibrosarcoma. The effect of heating on garlic ingredients and its benefits are not clear. Therefore, in this study the effect of heating of garlic on the growth of WEHI-164fibrosarcoma cells in Balb/c mice was examined. The amounts of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of heated and unheated garlic were also determined. METHODS: In an experimental study 40 inbred Balb/c mice were divided into 5 groups of 8 each. A single aliquot of 5 × 106 cells/100 μl WEHI-164 cells was injected subcutaneously in the chest of each animal. Groups 1, 3 and 5 received normal saline (0.2 ml), heated and unheated garlic (20 mg/kg) for two weeks before and three weeks after cell injection, and groups 2 and 4 received unheated and heated garlic, respectively. The mean size of tumors, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds were measured and compared with each other. FINDINGS: The mean size of tumor in groups which received unheated garlic extract was smaller than that of heated group. Significant differences could be seen in the final last 6 days of experiment, so that the mean sizes of tumors on the 21st day of study was110±86 mm2in heated and 760±79 mm2in raw garlic groups (p&lt;0.05). However, no significant effect could be seen on the growth of cancer cells in animals which received heated garlic extract. Antioxidant capacity of unheated and heated garlic was 52.6 and 2.07, respectively (p&gt;0.05). The amount of total phenolic compounds in raw garlic (12.61 mg/gr) was more than heated garlic (1.07 mg/gr) (p&gt;0.05). CONCLUSION: Garlic consumption may have important role in control and prevention of fibrosarcoma growth. But heating may decrease the phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and anticancer effect of garlic

The Hepatotoxic Effects of Stachys Lavandulifolia Vahl on Wistar Rat

Background and purpose: Stachys lavandulifolia is a plant commonly used for many diseases. But so far there is no report indicating its toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the probable hepatoxicity of S. lavandulifolia extract on Wistar rats. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 100 Wistar rats (about 250gr, 8-12 weeks old) were randomly divided into 10 groups (8 groups as case and 2 groups as control). They were intraperitoneally injected with S. lavandulifolia extract with doses of 50, 100, 150 and 200mg/kg per day for 28 days. Afterwards, the serum parameters level (ALP, AST, ALT) and pathological samples were evaluated and compared in four case group and one control group after 28 days and other groups after one month. Results: On the first month there was significant increase on AST level only in 200mg/kg dose while ALP level significantly increased in all doses (P<0.05). There was no significant difference among all doses regarding their effects on the increase of liver enzymes (P>0.05). On the second month, the changes in liver enzymes were almost the same as first month, except 150mg/kg dose that significantly increased the AST level compared to control group and also this dose significantly increased the ALP level compared to 100mg/kg dose (P<0.05). In examining liver samples obtained from rats in the first and second months, necrotic inflammatory reactions and fibrotic lesions significantly increased compared to control group (P<0.001). In the first month we also found that there was significant difference between higher doses (150 and 200mg/kg) and lower doses (50 and 100mg/kg) regarding their effects on hepatic lesion (P<0.05). Conclusion: Since the extract of S. lavandulifolia causes toxicity it should be consumed with caution in people with underlying cholestatic diseases

DFNB59 Gene Mutation Screening Using PCR-SSCP/HA Technique in Non-syndromic Genetic Hearing Loss in Bushehr Province

Background: Hearing impairment (HI) is the most prevalent Neurosensory disorder which is heterogenous and can also occur due to environmental causes. The majority of hearing deficiencies are of genetic origin affecting about 60% of the HI cases. A novel gene DFNB59 encodes pejvakin has been recently shown to cause deafness. This study aims to determine the frequency of DFNB59 gene mutations in coding region the gene in Bushehr province. Methods: In this descriptive experimental study, we investigated the presence of DFNB59

Correlation Between Antioxidant Activity of Garlic Extracts and WEHI-164 Fibrosarcoma Tumor Growth in BALB/c Mice

The biological activities of garlic may be affected by different processing methods. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate potential anticancer effects of different type of processed garlic extracts on WEHI-164 tumor cells in inbred BALB/c mice and correlate the tumor growth rates with some garlic constituents. In a preclinical trial 60 BALB/c mice were injected with WEHI-164 tumor cells and divided into six groups of 10 animals. Group 1 mice received 200 mu L of saline, and groups 2-6 were injected intraperitoneally with fresh, microwaved, 3-month-old, leaves, and boiled garlic extracts, respectively, at 20 mg/kg/0.2 mL. Three weeks following tumor inoculation, the mean tumor size in garlic extract-treated groups was reduced with significant reductions observed in the fresh and microwaved extract groups compared with the control group (P<.05). The antioxidant capacity and the amounts of allicin, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds in differentially processed garlic were evaluated and correlated with their anticancer activities. There was a linear correlation between the amounts of allicin, flavonoids, or phenolic components derived from fresh, microwaved, 3-month-old, leaves, and boiled garlic and cancer growth prevention. In conclusion, garlic has anticancer activity against WEHI-164 tumor cells, and processing such as heating reduces its effect dramatically. The anticancer activities of different kinds of garlic are related to the level of allicin, flavonoids, and phenolic components. Therefore, fresh garlic has the highest content of bioactive components and the greatest anticancer efficacy