2 research outputs found
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An investigation on parameters affecting the optimization of testosterone enanthate loaded solid nanoparticles for enhanced transdermal delivery
The current research aimed to formulate and optimize testosterone enanthate-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TE-SLNs) for the enhanced TE transdermal delivery. To this end, TE-SLNs were prepared using ultrasound-assisted emulsification technique and their properties and permeation across the excised rat skin were investigated. Evaluation of lipid type as well as the ratio and contents of surfactant mixtures resulted in a polydispersity index, particle size, drug loading, drug encapsulation efficiency, and zeta potential of 0.317 ± 0.006, 87.66 ± 1.52 nm, 21.61 ± 0.45 %, 44.71 ± 1.14 % and -23.06 ± 0.50 mV, respectively. ATR-FTIR spectra of TE-SLNs exhibited the prominent functional groups of TE in the formulations, indicating a well-dispersion of TE in the lipid matrix without any chemical interaction with other components of the formulation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated that TE in SLNs is in an amorphous state. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that the prepared TE-SLNs have a stable size and maintained their sphericity. The results of TE permeation across the excised rat skin from SLNs displayed cumulative amounts of 110.61 ± 17.7 µg/cm2, which is 3.2 fold improvement in TE permeation in comparison with the testosterone enanthate solution in oleic acid (p < 0.05). Furthermore, no cellular toxicity was observed for the nanoparticles. The results showed that the prepared TE-SLNs can be applied as the potential carriers for transdermal delivery of testosterone enanthate
Evaluation of heavy metal content of some lipsticks in Iran market
This study quantitatively estimated heavy metals as cadmium, lead, chromium and nickel (Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni) using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) in ten lipstick products sold by local markets in Sari, Mazandaran State, Iran. All the samples were digested in HNO3 and HClO4 and then evaluated for heavy metal contents. All the concentrations are mean value of triplicate experiments for each sample. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc tests were used to determine significant variations in heavy metal contents and p < 0.05 was considered as significant. The determined range of cadmium, lead, chromium and nickel were 0.01-0.05 g /g, 0.18-0.80 g/g, 0.06-0.75 g/g, and 0.00-0.34 g/g, respectively. These results showed that nickel and cadmium contents were less than WHO and US FDA safe limit, while for chromium only one samples (No. 5) showed higher concentration than safe limit. The content of lead in all samples were lower than safe limit unless sample 6 which showed high level of lead