Transition of the Interface between Iron and Carbide Precipitate From Coherent to Semi-Coherent

There are some precipitates that undergo transition from a coherent to semi-coherent state during growth. An example of such a precipitate in steel is carbide with a NaCl-type structure, such as TiC and NbC. The interface energy between carbide precipitate and iron is obtained via large-scale first-principles electronic structure calculation. The strain energy is estimated by structure optimization of the iron matrix with virtual carbide precipitate using the empirical potential. The transition of the interface from a coherent to semi-coherent state was examined by comparing the interface and strain energies between the coherent and semi-coherent interfaces. The sizes where both the precipitates undergo this transition are smaller than those of the interfaces with minimum misfit. The estimated transition diameter of TiC is in agreement with the experimentally obtained value

18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography-Positive Lymph Node Endometriosis Masquerading as Lymph Node Metastasis of a Malignant Tumor

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrium-like tissues at extrauterine sites, most commonly in the abdominal cavity. Lymph node endometriosis is a rare but clinically important type of endometriosis that can mimic lymph node metastasis of a malignant tumor. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a useful tool for diagnosing malignant tumors, although it occasionally shows false positive results in tissues with high metabolic activity caused by severe inflammation. In the present report, we describe a case of lymph node endometriosis that mimicked lymph node metastasis of a malignant tumor and showed a positive result on 18F-FDG PET/CT. The findings of the present case suggest that lymph node endometriosis could present as swollen lymph nodes with 18F-FDG PET/CT-positive results and provide important information for determining an appropriate treatment strategy

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1)-associated lichenoid dermatitis induced by CD8+T cells in HTLV-1 carrier, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) induces adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and carrier. ATLL is a mature CD4+CD25+CCR4+ T-cell neoplasm, and approximately half of patients have direct skin involvement manifesting patch, plaque, tumor, multiple papules, erythroderma and purpura. However, there exist secondary eruptions without tumor cell infiltration in patients with ATLL or HAM/TSP and carriers of HTLV-1. To clarify the presence of reactive skin eruptions in HTLV-1-infected individuals, we reviewed our patients with HTLV-1-associated diseases. In 2002–2012, we saw 50 ATLL or HAM/TSP patients and HTLV-1 carriers presenting with skin lesions. We retrospectively selected cases that histologically showed lichenoid tissue reactions with predominant infiltration of CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ tumor cells. The cases included erythroderma (HTLV-1 carrier), lichen planus (HTLV-1 carrier), alopecia areata (HAM/TSP), chronic actinic dermatitis (HTLV-1 carrier to acute ATLL conversion) and discoid lupus erythematosus (smoldering ATLL). They were graft-versus-host disease-like, major secondary lesions and seen in HTLV-1 carriers and patients with HAM/TSP and smoldering ATLL. We coin the term HTLV-1-associated lichenoid dermatitis (HALD) to encompass the conditions. HALD may occur in association with the elevated immunity toward HTLV-1-infected CD4+ T cells, thus sharing the pathogenetic role of cytotoxic T cells with HAM/TSP

山地・河川・海岸系における物質動態に関する研究

流域と沿岸域を繋ぐ流砂系のとらえ方について、最近の進歩を概観している。分布型流出モデルの実流域への適用と貯水池堆砂実績による検討例に基いて豪雨イベントによる土砂流出過程の重要性を指摘し、ついで、漂砂収支解析法の現況にふれ、沖合境界への堆積物流束、特にストーム条件下での堆積物流束の実態把握の重要性を指摘している。さらに、流体―堆積物系のダイナミクスに焦点を当て、土砂流出と河川生態系の関わりを示す現地観測、粘着性／非粘着性堆積物の混合体に対する流送モデルの提案、伝統的水制工による土砂制御機能の再評価、ならびに液状化堆積物の水中重力流れ機構の解明について論述している。This paper starts with an overview of recent developments pertaining to sediment routing systems that may connect fluvial, estuarine and coastal environments. It discusses sediment runoff analyses on a basin scale and methodologies for developing a budget of littoral sediment. It then focuses the discussion on recent findings obtained through collaborative research in the framework of a Center-of-Excellence program. The topics covered include the following: field observations of offshore-going sediment fluxes in the surf zone; reservoir sedimentation; an interrelationship between the riverbed morphology and habitat of a class of fish as influenced by sediment runoff; modeling of the transport of mixtures of non-cohesive and cohesive sediments with emphasis on wash load; reappraisal of traditional flow-control structures for river stabilization; and the dynamics of sediment gravity flows. Collectively, the coverage emphasizes the importance of addressing highly nonlinear fluid-sediment interactions.流域と沿岸域を繋ぐ流砂系のとらえ方について、最近の進歩を概観している。分布型流出モデルの実流域への適用と貯水池堆砂実績による検討例に基いて豪雨イベントによる土砂流出過程の重要性を指摘し、ついで、漂砂収支解析法の現況にふれ、沖合境界への堆積物流束、特にストーム条件下での堆積物流束の実態把握の重要性を指摘している。さらに、流体―堆積物系のダイナミクスに焦点を当て、土砂流出と河川生態系の関わりを示す現地観測、粘着性／非粘着性堆積物の混合体に対する流送モデルの提案、伝統的水制工による土砂制御機能の再評価、ならびに液状化堆積物の水中重力流れ機構の解明について論述している。This paper starts with an overview of recent developments pertaining to sediment routing systems that may connect fluvial, estuarine and coastal environments. It discusses sediment runoff analyses on a basin scale and methodologies for developing a budget of littoral sediment. It then focuses the discussion on recent findings obtained through collaborative research in the framework of a Center-of-Excellence program. The topics covered include the following: field observations of offshore-going sediment fluxes in the surf zone; reservoir sedimentation; an interrelationship between the riverbed morphology and habitat of a class of fish as influenced by sediment runoff; modeling of the transport of mixtures of non-cohesive and cohesive sediments with emphasis on wash load; reappraisal of traditional flow-control structures for river stabilization; and the dynamics of sediment gravity flows. Collectively, the coverage emphasizes the importance of addressing highly nonlinear fluid-sediment interactions