49 research outputs found
Impact des protocoles de mise en service des réseaux d'eau d'un grand bùtiment sur la qualité de l'eau
RĂSUMĂ Les longues pĂ©riodes de stagnation prĂ©sentes lors de la mise en service des rĂ©seaux dâeau dâun nouveau bĂątiment peuvent engendrer une dĂ©tĂ©rioration de la qualitĂ© dâeau. Une accumulation de contaminants et dĂ©bris peut se produire pendant la pĂ©riode de construction des rĂ©seaux et peut accĂ©lĂ©rer la formation de biofilm pendant la pĂ©riode entre la mise en eau et la mise en service. La norme canadienne prescrit une purge ainsi quâune dĂ©sinfection au chlore lors de la mise en eau dâun nouveau bĂątiment mais ne spĂ©cifie pas de vitesses ou de temps de rinçage ni de concentration de chlore. Lorsque cette purge nâest pas effectuĂ©e de façon efficace, plusieurs problĂšmes de qualitĂ© dâeau peuvent en dĂ©couler. Les facteurs dĂ©jĂ problĂ©matiques dans les rĂ©seaux dâeau de grands bĂątiments, tel que la stagnation et la tempĂ©rature de lâeau, sont exacerbĂ©s lors de la mise en service du bĂątiment.----------ABSTRACT The extended periods of stagnation present during the start-up of the water system of a new building can lead to a deterioration of the water quality. An accumulation of contaminants and debris may occur during the period of the network construction and may accelerate the formation of biofilm during the period between impoundment and commissioning. The Canadian standard prescribes purging and chlorine disinfection when a new building is impounded but does not specify rinsing speeds or time and chlorine concentration. When this purging is not carried out effectively, several water quality problems may result. Factors that are already problematic in large building water systems, such as stagnation and water temperature, are exacerbated when the building is commissioned
Flow Induced by Dual-Turbine of Different Diameters in a Gas-Liquid Agitation System: the Agitation and Turbulence Indices
Flow induced by a dual turbine stirred tank was characterized measuring local velocities with a LDV and drawing the main velocity fields and the maps of turbulence intensities. The hydrodynamic regime studied in all the experiments was the so-called merging flow regime. Two impeller configurations were studied. In the first one, two disk style turbine of the same dimensions (configuration A) were used, while in the second one, the dimensions of the upper turbine were 20 % proportionally smaller than those of the lower turbine (configuration B). The agitation and turbulence indices were used to evaluate, as a first order approximation, the power consumption distribution between convective and turbulent flows. The comparison of the two-phase agitation systems studied showed that configuration B seems to be more efficient than configuration A, since both induce a similar global convective flow, but the first one assures a significant reduction of power consumption. The distribution of power consumption between convective and turbulent flows was evaluated using the agitation index and a new global parameter: turbulence ind
Effect of Dual Impeller-Sparger Geometry on the Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in Stirred Vessels
The understanding of the effect of impellerâsparger configurations on gas dispersion and mass transfer is very important to improve the performance of gas/liquid contactor systems. The influence of the impeller positions, the upper turbine diameter, the sparger ring diameter and its location in regard to the lower impeller on the power consumption, the volumetric massâtransfer coefficient and the overall oxygen transfer efficiency were studied in a nonstandard curved bottomed reactor with an agitated system with dual disk style turbines. In the range of the gas flow rates studied, the most efficient impellerâsparger arrangement for the oxygen transfer is the impeller system with turbines of different diameters located at C = 0.25 and IC = 0.5, and with the sparger of smaller diameter than the lower impeller settled below the impeller. A new model to estimate the kLa with an average relative error of 8â%, which takes the reactor operation conditions and the influence of the impellerâsparger geometry into account, was also proposed
Investigative approach to improve hot water system hydraulics through temperature monitoring to reduce building environmental quality hazard associated to Legionella
Several countries have promulgated control measures and design guidelines to limit the proliferation of Legionella within hot water distribution systems (HWDS). However, there is little information on how to assess and improve existing HWDS unable to maintain water temperatures >= 55 degrees C throughout the system. A 50-year old hot water system of a 10 story hospital was investigated in terms of temperature distribution and Legionella pneumophila prevalence. Concentrations of L. pneumophila were correlated with the maximum temperature reached at the tap, with a significant decrease observed at T >= 55 degrees C. Continuous temperature and flow monitoring was performed on the overall HWDS, characterizing the principal and secondary horizontal return loops for all 9 wings, and detailed investigations of the secondary vertical return loops was completed in Wing 3. Results indicated the system inability to systematically maintain desired operating temperatures of 55 degrees C. The deficient hydraulic distribution was the root cause of the poor temperature maintenance throughout the secondary loops, but defective devices were also identified as playing an important role in sectorial temperature failure. A simple stepwise investigative approach was developed to identify hydraulic deficiencies. The implementation of flow restrictions on identified recirculation loops and increased pumping efficiency was conducted within a short period of 2 months, with no major system upgrade. These corrective measures resulted in a balanced system with increased flow velocities (>0.2 m/s). As a result, the proportion of taps achieving 55 degrees C within 2 min increased from 11% to 74% and L. pneumophila prevalence decreased from 93.1% to 46.1% after 4 weeks. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd
Evaluation automatique de connaissances par la théorie des fonctions de croyance
National audienceLes humains comme les systÚmes artificiels utilisent fréquemment une approche par essais/erreurs pour résoudre des problÚmes. Ce type d'approche implique généralement de disposer de connaissances fiables en vue de guider efficacement la recherche d'une solution optimale. Malheureusement, ces connaissances sont rarement parfaites. De plus, il s'avÚre souvent difficile pour les systÚmes artificiels comme pour les humains d'évaluer leurs propres connaissances. Notre objectif est de proposer une approche d'évaluation automatique de la qualité des connaissances utilisées pour la recherche d'une solution optimale. Nous nous intéresserons dans ce cadre à un type spécifique d'approche de résolution de problÚmes par essais/erreurs : l'exploration informée d'arbres d'états. L'approche que nous proposons consiste à analyser les traces du systÚme et à utiliser la théorie des fonctions de croyance pour évaluer la qualité globale des connaissances. Nous présentons, au travers d'une expérimentation, une application réelle de notre approche dans le domaine de la généralisation cartographique. Cette expérimentation montre des résultats encourageants pour notre approche
Evaluation automatique de connaissances par la théorie des fonctions de croyance
Les humains comme les systĂšmes artificiels utilisent frĂ©quemment une approche par essais/erreurs pour rĂ©soudre des problĂšmes. Ce type dâapproche implique gĂ©nĂ©ralement de disposer de connaissances fiables en vue de guider efficacement la recherche dâune solution optimale. Malheureusement, ces connaissances sont rarement parfaites. De plus, il sâavĂšre souvent difficile pour les systĂšmes artificiels comme pour les humains dâĂ©valuer leurs propres connaissances. Notre objectif est de proposer une approche dâĂ©valuation automatique de la qualitĂ© des connaissances utilisĂ©es pour la recherche dâune solution optimale. Nous nous intĂ©resserons dans ce cadre Ă un type spĂ©cifique dâapproche de rĂ©solution de problĂšmes par essais/erreurs : lâexploration informĂ©e dâarbres dâĂ©tats. Lâapproche que nous proposons consiste Ă analyser les traces du systĂšme et Ă utiliser la thĂ©orie des fonctions de croyance pour Ă©valuer la qualitĂ© globale des connaissances. Nous prĂ©sentons, au travers dâune expĂ©rimentation, une application rĂ©elle de notre approche dans le domaine de la gĂ©nĂ©ralisation cartographique. Cette expĂ©rimentation montre des rĂ©sultats encourageants pour notre approche
Peintres sur céramique et peintres éventaillistes. Points communs de leur inspiration du milieu du XVIIe à la fin du XIXe siÚcle
Le Taillandier de Gabory Catherine. Peintres sur céramique et peintres éventaillistes. Points communs de leur inspiration du milieu du XVIIe à la fin du XIXe siÚcle . In: SÚvres. Revue de la Société des Amis du musée national de Céramique, n°14, 2005. pp. 40-53
A la gloire des femmes fortes
Le Taillandier de Gabory Catherine. A la gloire des femmes fortes. In: SÚvres. Revue de la Société des Amis du musée national de Céramique, n°19, 2010. pp. 37-44
La collection de céramiques maghrébines du musée des Arts décoratifs de Bordeaux
Le Taillandier de Gabory Catherine. La collection de céramiques maghrébines du musée des Arts décoratifs de Bordeaux. In: SÚvres. Revue de la Société des Amis du musée national de Céramique, n°11, 2002. pp. 43-51
Ă propos dâune soupiĂšre. Un bel exemple d'Ă©clectisme Ă la manufacture David Johnston Ă Bordeaux
Le Taillandier de Gabory Catherine. Ă propos dâune soupiĂšre. Un bel exemple d'Ă©clectisme Ă la manufacture David Johnston Ă Bordeaux. In: SĂšvres. Revue de la SociĂ©tĂ© des Amis du musĂ©e national de CĂ©ramique, n°16, 2007. pp. 112-122