Reporting a Rare Case of Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Breast

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common tumor type in the salivary gland. PA is uncommon in the breast tissue. Only 73 cases of PA of the breast have been reported in the world literature. We are reporting the 74th case of PA of the breast. A 61-year-old woman was referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital Obstetric Clinic with bloody painless discharge from the right nipple. A bean size mass was detected immediately below the right nipple. After an excisional biopsy, the pathologist found proliferation in epithelial and myoepithelial cells that had small and multiple nuclei, myxoid and chondroid stroma. Immunohistochemistry stain was positive for S-100 and patchy for GFAP in tumor cells and for SMA around the tubule-glandular and tumor cell aggregates and suggested PA of the breast. It is essential for the pathologists to consider PA of the breast as a differential diagnosis of a rounded circumscribed mass in the juxta-areolar areas. Careful paraffin sections should be performed to avoid an unnecessary mastectomy

The Value of Touch Preparation for Rapid Diagnosis of Brain Tumors as an Intraoperative Consultation

Background: The touch preparation technique is an accurate and rapid method, and when used as intraoperative consultation examination technique it preserves a good amount of tissue for paraffin embedded sections. This study aimed at examining the accuracy of the touch preparation technique by comparing its diagnosis with that of final pathological diagnosis made by microscopic examinations.Methods: The diagnoses of 139 central nervous system lesions by touch preparation technique and paraffin-embedded sections were compared.Results: Touch preparation technique diagnosed correctly 118 (84%) of the lesions. However, the technique failed to correctly diagnose 12% of the cases. The highest rate of accurate diagnosis (100%) was observed in five types out of 11 types of tumor examined. However, the technique was not able to diagnose hydatid cysts correctly. Conclusion: The findings indicate that touch preparation technique may be useful in diagnosing tumor type during surgical operations. Touch preparation technique is very accurate for intraoperative diagnosis. However, adequate clinical history, neuroimaging details, and the intraoperative impressions of the neurosurgeons, if provided, help the pathologists to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the technique

Apoptosis in the ovary and follicular atresia

Background: In the ovary, growing follicles develop from a pool of primordial follicles constituted early in life. The majority of ovarian follicles undergo atresia. Follicular atresia is an important and negative process during the development of ovarian follicles. Cell apoptosis is believed to be involved in this process. This article is an overview of some researches on apoptosis in the ovaries and the factors involved in it. Materials and Methods: In this review article, the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Current Content, and IranMedex databases were searched using keywords such as "apoptosis" and "ovary". The full-text articles published between 1997 and 2017 in English or Persian were included in the study. The genes involved in ovarian apoptosis and factors controlling follicle atresia and their role in ovarian follicular reserve and fertility were investigated. Results: Although follicular atresia occurs at all stages of follicular development, it has been shown that this process is dependent on the developmental stage and a large part of it is observed in the transitional stage between the preantral follicles and the antrum formation. Different paracrine and autocrine factors control the cell death of the ovary. Conclusion: Ovarian cells receive conflicting signals for survival and death, and it seems that the reason for determining the fate of cells in different stages of follicular development is the interaction between different signals