Intestinal digestive enzyme activity under the influence of different dietary supplements methionine and lysine in the diet of Sparidentex hasta

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary methionine and lysine supplementation on digestive enzymes activity in juvenile Sobaity, Sparidentex hasta. For this purpose, 180 juvenile fish with an initial average weight of 31.38 ± 1.4 g were distributed randomly in eighteen (300 L) polyethylene tanks. 6 experimental diets were prepared with different levels of methionine and lysine including control diet (without dietary methionine and lysine), Diet 1: 100% methionine; Diet 2: 75% methionine and 25% lysine; Diet 3: 50% methionine and 50% lysine; Diet 4: 25% methionine and 75% lysine; Diet 5: 100% lysine. During the experimental period, fish were fed to satiation thrice daily (8:00, 13:00 and 18:00 hours) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, digestive enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, lipase and total protease were affected by different dietary levels of methionine and lysine supplementations (P<0/05). Also, the activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin had shown an increasing trend with an increased amount of diet lysine while enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase was higher in treatments contains the maximum amount of methionine supplementation. According to results, the increasing of lysine in diet reduced enzyme activity of lipase. The results, showed no significant differences between experimental treatments in amylase and total protease (P<0/05). Based on the results of evaluation digestive enzymes, amino acids supplements of lysine and methionine were changed the activity of digestive enzymes in juvenile Sobaity, (S. hasta). Finally, Diet 2 with 75% methionine and 25% lysine was suggested for used by Sobaity, as to the balance of dietary methionine and lysine supplementation

Fractionation comparison of Persian Gulf jellyfish nematocyst venom by two methods of chromatography

In this paper, the nematocyst venom of the crambionella orsini jellyfish was fractionated by sizeexclusion and anion-exchange chromatography. Crambionella orsini is a jellyfish common to the Persian Gulf. The results of the mentioned methods have been investigated. The crambionella orsini’s venom has a hemolytic effect, which is similar to the other species. After the extraction of the nematocyst venom, the crude venom was partially purified using sephadex G-200 gel filtration and DEAE anion exchange chromatography. Protein elution was monitored by UV detection at 28 0nm. To determine the hemolytic fraction, every fraction was injected to 3 mice via their tail vein. Finally, all the data from both chromatography methods were compared. The gel filtrations second fraction and the first and second fractions of the anion exchange chromatography showed hemolytic activity. Determining an appropriate method for the purification of this venom can help find a comprehensive method for other marine venoms, especially jellyfish venoms, and may eventually help find specific antidotes for the stings of jellyfish of these species

Extraction and neutralization nematocyst venom of Crambionella orsini jellyfish [whit] using of chelating Na-EDTA

Jellyfish is one of the poisonous animals that causing human poisoning. Found a variety of jellyfish in the Persian Gulf. Although these species can't Cause of quick death in humans but they have harmful effects on human health system and have Following are the side effects. In this study extracted Crambionella Orsini Jellyfish Venom According to Bloom method and was obtained its Concentration by Biuret method and Calculated LD50 by Jung and Choi method. According to Venom concentration and its LD50 was determined that Cause of death mice 0.5 ml of venom. The use of Na-EDTA for neutralizing venom. This Chelate Was injected in two ways to mice that in both methods, Prevented death. Na-EDTA is dedicated Chelate for Calcium excretion from body that According to nuclear calcium's venom is able to separated that from Venom structure and neutralize venom

The effect of changes in temperature on the toxicity of jellyfish, Crambionella orsini

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature changes to reduce toxicity of jellyfish Crambionellaorsini venom. Venom extraction was done according to Bloom method. Sonication was used to break the wall of nematocysts capsule and then the resulting solution was centrifuged. To evaluate the effect of temperature on the venom, it was heated at different temperatures and then injected into sori mice. After catching jellyfish, Crambionellaorsini from Arvand stream estuary edges of umbrellas and tentacles of jellyfish were separated and kept in water LD_50 of toxins were calculated by Jung and Choi method and statistical analysis to obtain minimal lethal dose of poison done by Excel 2007. The results showed that the venom of jellyfish Crambionellaorsini, like venom of other animals is, based on a protein and that is sensitive to heat. This venom is disabled and lose their structure at 48 °C and its minimum lethal dose is 0.5 ml

Isolation and in silico functional analysis of MtATP6, a 6-kDa subunit of mitochondrial F(1)F(0)-ATP synthase, in response to abiotic stress

Mitochondrial F1F0-ATP synthase is a key enzymatic complex of energy metabolism that provides ATP for the cell. Subunits of this enzyme over-express under stress conditions. Little is known about the structure and regulatory mechanism of the F0 portion of this enzyme. We isolated the full-length coding sequence of the RMtATP6 gene from rice and wheat, and partial sequences from Aegilops crassa and Triticum monococcum (Poaceae). We found that the sequence of rice RMtATP6 is 1965 bp long and contains two exons and one intron in 3'-UTR. Then, we analyzed the 2000-bp upstream region of the initiation codon ATG of the RMtATP6 and AtMtATP6, as promoter. The RMtATP6 coding sequence was found to be much conserved in the different plant species, possibly because of its key role under stress conditions. Promoter analysis demonstrated that RMtATP6 and AtMtATP6 include cis-actin elements such as ABRE, MYC/MYB, GT element in the upstream region, which respond to abscisic acid stress hormone and might show vital its roles in biotic and abiotic tolerance as an early-stress responsive gene. A mitochondrial signal peptide of 30 amino acids in length and an N-terminal cleavage site between amino acids 20 and 21 were discovered in RMtATP6. In addition, we found a transmembrane domain with an alpha helix structure that possibly passed through the mitochondrial inner membrane and established the 6-kDa subunit in the F0 portion of the enzyme complex. Apparently, under stress conditions, with increasing ATP consumption by the cell, the 6-kDa subunit accumulates; by switching on F1F0-ATP synthase it provides additional energy needed for cell homeostasis.A.A. Moghadam, S.M. Taghavi, A. Niazi, M. Djavaheri and E. Ebrahimi