Design of a Wideband Printed Patch Dipole Antenna with a Balanced On-Board Feeding Network

This paper proposes a wideband printed patch dipole antenna with a simple on-board feeding network. The proposed antenna is composed of two dipole radiators, a transmission line, and an on-board feeding network with a chip balun. The dipole radiators are printed on a substrate, and the edges of the radiators are truncated to create a hexagonal shape with wide impedance-matching characteristics. The chip balun is embedded in an RO4003C printed circuit board (PCB) to excite differential feeding to each radiator with a 180° phase difference. The proposed antenna is optimized using a CST Studio full electromagnetic software tool, and it is fabricated and measured in an anechoic chamber. The measured fractional bandwidth for the reflection coefficient below −10 dB is 79.5%, and the proposed antenna has a measured gain of 7.1 dBi at 3.5 GHz

Design of a Compact Indirect Slot-Fed Wideband Patch Array with an Air SIW Cavity for a High Directivity in Missile Seeker Applications

This research proposes a compact indirect slot-fed wideband patch array antenna for a missile seeker application. The proposed single antenna consists of three dielectric layers for a radiator, an air substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity, and an indirect feeding network. The rectangular patch is used as a radiator on the first substrate layer, and the air SIW cavity (ASIWC) is employed to obtain high directivity and low mutual coupling characteristics in the second substrate layer. In the third layer, an indirect feeding structure is used to achieve the wideband characteristics in the Ka-band. The single element is extended to a 4 x 1 linear array with fabrication, and the fabricated array characteristics are measured in a full anechoic chamber. The measured operating fractional frequency bandwidth is 9.2%, and the measured array gain is 11.7 dBi at the bore-sight direction (theta(0) = 0 degrees)

Molecular Subgroup Analysis of Clinical Outcomes in a Phase 3 Study of Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin with or without Erlotinib in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer

AbstractBACKGROUND: We previously reported that the addition of erlotinib to gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX) resulted in greater antitumor activity and might be a treatment option for patients with biliary tract cancers (BTCs). Molecular subgroup analysis of treatment outcomes in patients who had specimens available for analysis was undertaken. METHODS: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), KRAS, and PIK3CA mutations were evaluated using peptide nucleic acid–locked nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction clamp reactions. Survival and response rates (RRs) were analyzed according to the mutational status. Sixty-four patients (48.1%) were available for mutational analysis in the chemotherapy alone group and 61 (45.1%) in the chemotherapy plus erlotinib group. RESULTS: 1.6% (2/116) harbored an EGFR mutation (2 patients; exon 20), 9.6% (12/121) harbored a KRAS mutation (12 patients; exon 2), and 9.6% (12/118) harbored a PIK3CA mutation (10 patients, exon 9 and 2 patients, exon 20). The addition of erlotinib to GEMOX in patients with KRAS wild-type disease (n = 109) resulted in significant improvements in overall response compared with GEMOX alone (30.2% vs 12.5%, P = .024). In 95 patients with both wild-type KRAS and PIK3CA, there was evidence of a benefit associated with the addition of erlotinib to GEMOX with respect to RR as compared with GEMOX alone (P = .04). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that KRAS mutational status might be considered a predictive biomarker for the response to erlotinib in BTCs. Additionally, the mutation status of PIK3CA may be a determinant for adding erlotinib to chemotherapy in KRAS wild-type BTCs

Mutations in DDX58, which Encodes RIG-I, Cause Atypical Singleton-Merten Syndrome

Singleton-Merten syndrome (SMS) is an autosomal-dominant multi-system disorder characterized by dental dysplasia, aortic calcification, skeletal abnormalities, glaucoma, psoriasis, and other conditions. Despite an apparent autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance, the genetic background of SMS and information about its phenotypic heterogeneity remain unknown. Recently, we found a family affected by glaucoma, aortic calcification, and skeletal abnormalities. Unlike subjects with classic SMS, affected individuals showed normal dentition, suggesting atypical SMS. To identify genetic causes of the disease, we performed exome sequencing in this family and identified a variant (c.1118A>C [p.Glu373Ala]) of DDX58, whose protein product is also known as RIG-I. Further analysis of DDX58 in 100 individuals with congenital glaucoma identified another variant (c.803G>T [p.Cys268Phe]) in a family who harbored neither dental anomalies nor aortic calcification but who suffered from glaucoma and skeletal abnormalities. Cys268 and Glu373 residues of DDX58 belong to ATP-binding motifs I and II, respectively, and these residues are predicted to be located closer to the ADP and RNA molecules than other nonpathogenic missense variants by protein structure analysis. Functional assays revealed that DDX58 alterations confer constitutive activation and thus lead to increased interferon (IFN) activity and IFN-stimulated gene expression. In addition, when we transduced primary human trabecular meshwork cells with c.803G>T (p.Cys268Phe) and c.1118A>C (p.Glu373Ala) mutants, cytopathic effects and a significant decrease in cell number were observed. Taken together, our results demonstrate that DDX58 mutations cause atypical SMS manifesting with variable expression of glaucoma, aortic calcification, and skeletal abnormalities without dental anomalies

Mutations in DDX58, which Encodes RIG-I, Cause Atypical Singleton-Merten Syndrome

Singleton-Merten syndrome (SMS) is an autosomal-dominant multi-system disorder characterized by dental dysplasia, aortic calcification, skeletal abnormalities, glaucoma, psoriasis, and other conditions. Despite an apparent autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance, the genetic background of SMS and information about its phenotypic heterogeneity remain unknown. Recently, we found a family affected by glaucoma, aortic calcification, and skeletal abnormalities. Unlike subjects with classic SMS, affected individuals showed normal dentition, suggesting atypical SMS. To identify genetic causes of the disease, we performed exome sequencing in this family and identified a variant (c.1118A>C [p.GLu373Ala]) of DDX58, whose protein product is also known as RIG-I. Further analysis of DDX58 in 100 individuals with congenital glaucoma identified another variant (c.803G>T [p.Cys268Phe]) in a family who harbored neither dental anomalies nor aortic calcification but who suffered from glaucoma and skeletal abnormalities. Cys268 and Glu373 residues of DDX58 belong to ATP-binding motifs I and II, respectively, and these residues are predicted to be located closer to the ADP and RNA molecules than other nonpathogenic missense variants by protein structure analysis. Functional assays revealed that DDX58 alterations confer constitutive activation and thus lead to increased interferon (IFN) activity and IFN-stimulated gene expression. In addition, when we transduced primary human trabecular meshwork cells with c.803G>T (p.Cys268Phe) and c.1118A>C (p.Glu373A1a) mutants, cytopathic effects and a significant decrease in cell number were observed. Taken together, our results demonstrate that DDX58 mutations cause atypical SMS manifesting with variable expression of glaucoma, aortic calcification, and skeletal abnormalities without dental anomalies.X116452Ysciescopu

Prediction of Target Detection Probability Based on Air-to-Air Long-Range Scenarios in Anomalous Atmospheric Environments

We investigate a target detection probability (TDP) using path loss of an airborne radar based on air-to-air scenarios in anomalous atmospheric and weather environments. In the process of calculating the TDP, it is necessary to obtain the overall path loss including the anomalous atmospheric environment, gas attenuation, rainfall attenuation, and beam scanning loss. The path loss including the quad-linear refractivity model and other radar input parameters is simulated using the Advanced Refractive Effects Prediction System (AREPS) software along the range and the altitude. For the gas and rainfall attenuations, ITU-R models are used to consider the weather environment. In addition, the radar beam scan loss and a radar cross section (RCS) of the target are considered to estimate the TDP of the airborne long-range radar. The TDP performance is examined by employing the threshold evaluations of the total path loss derived from the detectability factor and the free-space radar range equation. Finally, the TDPs are obtained by assuming various air-to-air scenarios for the airborne radar in anomalous atmospheric and weather environments

Design of a mmWave Antenna Printed on a Thick Vehicle-Glass Substrate Using a Linearly Arrayed Patch Director and a Grid-Slotted Patch Reflector for High-Gain Characteristics

This paper proposes a 5G glass antenna that can be printed on the thick window glass of a vehicle. The proposed antenna consists of a coplanar waveguide (CPW), a printed monopole radiator, parasitic elements, a linearly arrayed patch director, and a grid-slotted patch reflector. The linearly arrayed patch director and grid-slotted patch reflector are applied to improve the bore-sight gain of the antenna. To verify the performance improvement and feasibility, the proposed antenna is fabricated, and a reflection coefficient and a radiation pattern are measured and compared with the simulation results. The measured reflection coefficient shows broadband characteristics of less than -10 dB from 24.1 GHz to 31.0 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 24.6%), which agrees well with the simulation results. The reflection coefficients are -33.1 dB by measurement and -25.7 dB by simulation, and the maximum gains are 6.2 dBi and 5.5 dBi at 28 GHz, respectively. These results demonstrate that the proposed antenna has high-gain characteristics being suitable for 5G wireless communications

Design of a Circularly Polarized High-Gain Patch Antenna Using a Higher-Order Mode With a Heterogeneous Substrate Layer for GPS Applications

This paper proposes a circularly polarized (CP) high-gain low-profile patch antenna using a higher-order mode with a heterogeneous layer for global positioning system (GPS) applications. To obtain theoretical insights, we analyze a CP patch using the cavity model, which has two feeding points. Radiated electric fields (E-fields) are derived from the sum of the $\textrm {TM}_{030}^{x}$ and $\textrm {TM}_{003}^{x}$ modes with a 90° phase difference at each port using a hybrid chip coupler. To verify the performance of the proposed antenna, it is fabricated and measured in a full anechoic chamber to obtain the antenna characteristics. The measured and simulated reflection coefficients of the proposed antenna are −33.1 dB and −28.3 dB at 1.575 GHz, respectively. The measured and simulated maximum gains are 9.1 dBic and 9.4 dBic at 1.575 GHz, respectively