Financial Imbalances in Regional Disaster Recovery Following Earthquakes—Case Study Concerning Housing-Cost Expenditures in Japan

In the aftermath of the 1995 Kobe Earthquake, a large-scale effort towards reconstruction of houses damaged by the quake was required. This led to increased mortgage, thereby financially plaguing a number of earthquake victims and inhibiting their long-term sustainability and self-supported recovery. The current framework of housing reconstruction assistance provided by the Japanese government does not account for regional disparities in cost and other socioeconomic factors. This study proposes a technique for estimating the cost of reconstructing household units damaged in an earthquake by considering the effects of construction methods influenced by regional climatic zones. The financial constraints on rebuilding resources have been estimated by considering the annual regional income and household savings, as determined by social factors and employment opportunities. The susceptibility of regions to the occurrence of earthquakes has also been factored in the calculation of recovery costs. Together, these factors are used to provide a more complete picture of economic costs associated with earthquake recovery in different regions of Japan, thereby revealing large disparities in the difficulty and financial burden involved in the reconstruction of household units. Results of this study could be used to develop a robust system for earthquake-recovery assistance that accounts for differences in recovery costs between different regions, thereby improving the speed and quality of post-earthquake recovery

地域特性を考慮した津波避難困難区域の評価: 能登半島北方沖の想定地震による石川県輪島市舳倉島を例として

金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系During a northern Noto peninsula scenario earthquake, not only strong motion but also huge tsunami is attacked in Hegura Island, Wajima City, Japan. In this study, first, seismic waveforms in Hegura Island were estimated based on the asperity models with consideration of ground shaking characteristics by microtremor measurements. Next, walking times from the sites of interest to designated refuge place were measured based on in-situ investigation. Finally, using the non-evacuation time during the earthquake and the required evacuation time after the earthquake, we evaluated the difficult area for tsunami evacuation in Hegura Island taking into account the tsunami travel time.石川県輪島市の北約50kmの日本海上に浮かぶ舳倉島は，能登半島北方沖の想定地震が発生した際，巨大津波の来襲により，島全体の浸水が予想されている．本稿では，まず，島内全域にわたり常時微動計測を高密度に実施し，得られた記録に基づき地盤震動特性を評価した．次に，評価した地盤震動特性とアスペリティモデルを組合せた強震波形計算を実施し，強震動作用中の避難困難時間を評価した．さらに，島内において避難歩行実験を実施することで，既設の避難施設までの避難所要時間を評価した．最後に，津波来襲時間から避難困難時間や避難所要時間等を差し引くことで，島内における避難困難区域を抽出した