2 research outputs found
Perturbative Expansion around the Gaussian Effective Potential of the Fermion Field Theory
We have extended the perturbative expansion method around the Gaussian
effective action to the fermionic field theory, by taking the 2-dimensional
Gross-Neveu model as an example. We have computed both the zero temperature and
the finite temperature effective potentials of the Gross-Neveu model up to the
first perturbative correction terms, and have found that the critical
temperature, at which dynamically broken symmetry is restored, is significantly
improved for small value of the flavour number.Comment: 14pages, no figures, other comments Typographical errors are
corrected and new references are adde
Glycolipids Derived from the Korean Endemic Plant <i>Aruncus aethusifolius</i> Inducing Glucose Uptake in Mouse Skeletal Muscle C2C12 Cells
Aruncus spp. has been used as a traditional folk medicine worldwide for its anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, and detoxifying properties. The well-known species A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus has long been used for multifunctional purposes in Eastern Asia. Recently, it was reported that its extract has antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects. In this respect, it is likely that other Aruncus spp. possess various biological activities; however, little research has been conducted thus far. The present study aims to biologically identify active compounds against diabetes in the Korean endemic plant A. aethusifolius and evaluate the underlying mechanisms. A. aethusifolius extract enhanced glucose uptake without toxicity to C2C12 cells. A bioassay-guided isolation of A. aethusifolius yielded two pure compounds, and their structures were characterized as glycolipid derivatives, gingerglycolipid A, and (2S)-3-linolenoylglycerol-O-β-d-galactopyranoside by an interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometric data. Both compounds showed glucose uptake activity, and both compounds increased the phosphorylation levels of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Gingerglycolipid A docked computationally into the active site of IRS-1, AMPK1, AMPK2, and PPARγ (−5.8, −6.9, −6.8, and −6.8 kcal/mol)