Control of Magnetizing Inrush Current in a Transformer by Means of Thyristors

When a transformer is energized, the inrush of abnormally high magnetizing current may be noted for a short time until normal flux conditions are established. This may cause the failure of a protective relay, so many preventives are usually accepted for the purpose of normal relay performance. The authors, instead, now have tried to control the inrush current itself, by means of the soft starting method using two reverse parallel thyristors. In this paper, the method to control the inrush current itself, is presented by the soft-starting method using thyristors. The experimental results of this Method verifies the good controlability of the transient magnetic flux of a transformer and then the availability of the control of magnetizing inrush current in the cases of a single phase connection and a three phase one

SPINK1 as a plasma marker for tumor hypoxia and a therapeutic target for radiosensitization

Hypoxia is associated with tumor radioresistance; therefore, a predictive marker for tumor hypoxia and a rational target to overcome it have been sought to realize personalized radiotherapy. Here, we show that serine protease inhibitor Kazal type I (SPINK1) meets these 2 criteria. SPINK1 expression was induced upon hypoxia (O2 < 0.1%) at the transcription initiation level in a HIF-dependent manner, causing an increase in secreted SPINK1 levels. SPINK1 proteins were detected both within and around hypoxic regions of xenografted and clinical tumor tissues, and their plasma levels increased in response to decreased oxygen supply to xenografts. Secreted SPINK1 proteins enhanced radioresistance of cancer cells even under normoxic conditions in EGFR-dependent and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2–dependent (Nrf2-dependent) manners and accelerated tumor growth after radiotherapy. An anti-SPINK1 neutralizing antibody exhibited a radiosensitizing effect. These results suggest that SPINK1 secreted from hypoxic cells protects the surrounding and relatively oxygenated cancer cells from radiation in a paracrine manner, justifying the use of SPINK1 as a target for radiosensitization and a plasma marker for predicting tumor hypoxia

ゴウリュウブ ケッセキ Confluence Stone ノ 1チケンレイ

Confluence stone is a rare disease that is difficult to diagnose before surgery and thattend to accompany intraoperative biliary tract injury and postoperative stenosis, unexpectively.We have report a case of confluence stone.The patient was 67-year-old woman. During treatment for cholecystolithiasis at anotherhospital, she had upper abdominal pain three times without fever up and jaundice. Shewas reffered to our hospital for a detailed examination. Ultrasonography, CT and endoscopicretrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) allowed a diagnosis of common bileduct stenosis caused by confluence stone. Laparotomy was then performed. No malignancywas shown despite of seveve cholecystitis. Thus cholecystectomy was carried out,then the biliary stenosis was repaired by patch graft method.It is known that confluence stone arise biliostasis with the progression of chroniccholecystitis. Therefore, in cases of severe chronic cholecystitis we should consider thepossibility of the confluence stone and take care of the biliary tract injury and postoperativestenosis

Canonical versus non-canonical transsynaptic signaling of neuroligin 3 tunes development of sociality in mice

社会性の発達を調節する新たな機構を発見. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-03-26.Neuroligin 3 (NLGN3) and neurexins (NRXNs) constitute a canonical transsynaptic cell-adhesion pair, which has been implicated in autism. In autism spectrum disorder (ASD) development of sociality can be impaired. However, the molecular mechanism underlying NLGN3-mediated social development is unclear. Here, we identify non-canonical interactions between NLGN3 and protein tyrosine phosphatase δ (PTPδ) splice variants, competing with NRXN binding. NLGN3-PTPδ complex structure revealed a splicing-dependent interaction mode and competition mechanism between PTPδ and NRXNs. Mice carrying a NLGN3 mutation that selectively impairs NLGN3-NRXN interaction show increased sociability, whereas mice where the NLGN3-PTPδ interaction is impaired exhibit impaired social behavior and enhanced motor learning, with imbalance in excitatory/inhibitory synaptic protein expressions, as reported in the Nlgn3 R451C autism model. At neuronal level, the autism-related Nlgn3 R451C mutation causes selective impairment in the non-canonical pathway. Our findings suggest that canonical and non-canonical NLGN3 pathways compete and regulate the development of sociality

運動パターンの違いがMR画像に及ぼす影響 : Radial Scanにおける検討

呼吸や血管の拍動などの周期的な動きがある被検体をMRI撮像する場合，画像再構成におけるk-スペースへのデータ充填法にRadial充填を使用すると動きによるボケ（モーションアーチファクト）を減少させることができる．本研究では，運動ファントムを使用してRadial充填の画像のアーチファクト低減効果を確認するとともに，Radial充填における動きの大きさや運動パターンの違いによるアーチファクトの出現特性について検証した．運動幅としては7㎜を超えると像のボケが大きくなり，アーチファクト低減効果は少ないと考えられた．また運動幅が大きい場合，運動距離が同じであっても運動周期に静止周期を含む場合では，ボケ発生の特性が異なることが確認できた．運動ファントムでモーションアーチファクトの検証実験を行う場合には，運動の大きさだけでなく対象の運動パターンを考慮して，実験を行わなければ，臨床上で現れる特性を再現できない可能性があるため注意が必要である

On-line microdevice for stress proteomics

The handing of the cells or tissues is essential for proteomics research or drug screening, where labor is not avoidable. The steps of cell wash, protein extraction, protein denaturing are complicated procedures in conventional method using centrifugation and pipetting in the laboratory. This is the bottle-neck for proteome research. To solve these problems, we propose to utilize the nanotechnology, which will improve the proteomics methodology. Utilizing the nanotechnology, we developed a novel microseparation system, where centrifugation and pipetting are needless. This system has a nanostructured microdevice, by which the cell handling, protein extraction, and antibody assay can be performed. Since cell transfer is needless, all cells are corrected without any loss during the cell-pretreatment procedures, which allowed high reproducibility and enabled the detection of low amount of protein expression. Utilizing the microdevice, we analyzed the stress induced proteins. We further succeeded the screening of food that was useful for immunity and found that an extraction from seaweed promoted the apoptosis of T-lymphoblastic cells. Here, we present an on-line microdevice for stress proteomics