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    Predacion de semillas de Amaranthus quitensis H.B.K. en un cultivo de soja: influencia del sistema de siembra Predation of Amaranthus quitensis H.B.K. seeds in soybean crops: influence of the tillage system

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    El objetivo fue evaluar las p茅rdidas del banco superficial de semillas de Amaranthus quitensis H.B.K. (yuyo colorado) debidas a la predaci贸n por insectos en un cultivo de soja y en el barbecho posterior, en dos sistemas de laboreo. Los experimentos se realizaron durante las campa帽as 94/95 y 95/96. Para calcular la tasa de predaci贸n se emplearon bandejas cubiertas con tejido para evitar el ingreso de roedores y con tela de tul en los tratamientos testigos; en cada una se sembraron 100 semillas de la maleza y cada 15 d铆as se registr贸 el n煤mero de semillas remanentes. Para determinar los insectos presentes y su abundancia se emplearon trampas "pitfall". Entre los insectos capturados se encontr贸 el car谩bido Notiobia cupripennis, su mayor abundancia se registr贸 en marzo (4,5 y 5,8 insectos/trampa en convencional y 2,7 y 3,3 insectos/trampa en siembra directa), coincidiendo con las tasas de predaci贸n m谩s altas (5,6% y 8% en convencional y 2,7% y 3,8% en siembra directa); tanto en abundancia como en predaci贸n se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambos sistemas. A partir de este mes, las diferencias no fueron significativas, el n煤mero de insectos y la tasa de predaci贸n disminuyeron. En ambos a帽os existi贸 una correlaci贸n positiva entre estas variables.<br>The objective was to evaluate the losses of the superficial bank of Amaranthus quitensis seeds, due to insect predation, in a soybean crop and in the subsequent fallow, in two tillage systems. Experiments were conducted during 1994/95 and 1995/96. To estimate predation rates, trays covered with wire meshes to prevent rodent predation, and with fine sheer net (tulle) in the control treatment were used; 100 weed seeds were sown in each tray, and the number of remaining seeds was registered every 15 days. Pitfall traps were used to identify insects species occurring in the field and to estimate their abundance. The carabid Notiobia cupripennis was captured in pitfall traps, the higher population found during March (4.5 and 5.8 insect/trap in conventional tillage and 2.7 and 3.3 insect/trap in no-tillage). The highest predation rates was also registered in March (5.6% and 8% in conventional tillage and 2.7% and 3.8% in no-tillage) and both systems were significantly different as to abundance and predation. No significant differences were found from April to June, and the number of insects and predation rates decreased. There was a positive correlation between the predation rates and the values of insect abundance in both years
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