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In: Plant Stress Physiology, (Edi.). PC Trivedi.

Not AvailableSalinity is currently one of the most severe abiotic factors, limiting agricultural production. The Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) is a major oilseed crop for such areas. However, salinity affects as 50-90% yield reduction across the world. Salinity tolerance is a very complex trait regulated by several independent and/or inter-dependent pathways and acquired by specific modulation of gene expression leading to multitude of changes in physiology and biochemistry at the cellular level. Classical approach of breeding for salt tolerance involves utilization of the wide spectrum of inter and intraspecific variability in available germplasm which is of paramount importance in any crop improvement programme. This large germplasm is then screened under varying salinity levels in microplots which is a highly rapid, reliable, reproducible and affordable screening technique for salt tolerance. Genotypes that showed better stress tolerance indices without significant yield reduction were considered tolerant and were further employed in breeding programmes. In this direction, ICAR-CSSRI, Karnal developed and released four high yielding salt tolerant varieties of Indian mustard i.e., CS 52, CS 54, CS 56, CS 58 and CS 60 for the country and several other advanced breeding lines/germplasm are in the pipeline of testing and development. These salt tolerant varieties perform better under salt stress conditions due to manipulation in various mechanisms (physiological, genetic and molecular modules) to combat salinity led harmful effects. Recent strategies to supplement the classical breeding programs to develop improved salt tolerant Indian mustard varieties in a short span of time, include Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) and marker assisted backcrossing employing SSR and SNP markers to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) governing polygenic traits like salt tolerance and yield are in progress.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe understanding of physio-biochemical and molecular attributes along with morphological traits contributing to the salinity tolerance is important for developing salt-tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. To explore these facts, rice genotypes CSR10 and MI48 with contrasting salt tolerance were characterized under salt stress (control, 75 and 150 mM NaCl) conditions. CSR10 expressed higher rate of physio-biochemical parameters, maintained lower Na/K ratio in shoots, and restricted Na translocation from roots to shoots than MI48. The higher expression of genes related to the osmotic module (DREB2A and LEA3) and ionic module (HKT2;1 and SOS1) in roots of CSR10 suppresses the stress, enhances electrolyte leakage, promotes the higher compatible solute accumulation, and maintains cellular ionic homeostasis leading to better salt stress tolerance than MI48. This study further adds on the importance of these genes in salt tolerance by comparing their behaviour in contrasting rice genotypes and utilizing specific marker to identify salinity-tolerant accessions/donors among germplasm; overexpression of these genes which accelerate the selection procedure precisely has been shown.Not AvailableNot Availabl

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Not AvailableThe understanding of physio-biochemical and molecular attributes along with morphological traits contributing to the salinity tolerance is important for developing salt-tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. To explore these facts, rice genotypes CSR10 and MI48 with contrasting salt tolerance were characterized under salt stress (control, 75 and 150 mM NaCl) conditions. CSR10 expressed higher rate of physio-biochemical parameters, maintained lower Na/K ratio in shoots, and restricted Na translocation from roots to shoots than MI48. The higher expression of genes related to the osmotic module (DREB2A and LEA3) and ionic module (HKT2;1 and SOS1) in roots of CSR10 suppresses the stress, enhances electrolyte leakage, promotes the higher compatible solute accumulation, and maintains cellular ionic homeostasis leading to better salt stress tolerance than MI48. This study further adds on the importance of these genes in salt tolerance by comparing their behaviour in contrasting rice genotypes and utilizing specific marker to identify salinity-tolerant accessions/donors among germplasm; overexpression of these genes which accelerate the selection procedure precisely has been shown.Not Availabl