Effects of Ovarian Hormones on the Growth and the Differentiation of the Mouse Blastocyst During Delayed Implantation

Effects of progesterone and estradiol-17β on the growth and the differentiation of the mouse blastocyst during the pre-implantation and implantation stages was investigated inducing to delayed implantation by ovariectomy. When the ovariectomy was followed by daily injection of 1 mg progesterone (Group II), the area of blastocyst on the 6th day of pregnancy was significantly larger than that on the 4th day of pregnancy. When a single dose of estradiol-17β (0.5μg) was injected to ovariectomized and progesterone treated mice on the 4th or 6th day of pregnancy (Group III-A and III-B), the implantation was observed between 24 and 30 hrs. after the injection. In addition the area of blastocyst in Group III-A was significantly larger than that in Group II after 24 hrs. estradiol-17β injection and was as large as those in intact group (Group I) and Group II after 6 hrs. estradiol-1719 injection. The area of blastocyst in Group III-B was also significantly larger than that in Group II on and after 18 hrs. estradiol-17β injection. These results indicate that progesterone and estradiol-17β are important for the growth and the differentiation of delayed-implanting mouse blastocyst and they induce the implantation.Article信州大学農学部紀要 18(2): 133-144(1981)departmental bulletin pape

The Effect of the Administration of Trace Amounts of Metals to Pregnant Mice upon the Behavior and Learning of Their Offspring

The effect of 22 kinds of metals on the response of reflex and behavioral test in suckling mice and on maze learning test of the mature pups was investigated. CFW mice were injected intraperitoneally with trace amounts of metals 11 times during pregnancy. The metals tested were Al, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, F, Fe, Hg, In, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sc, Se, Ti, V, Y and Zr. The offspring of mice injected with trace amounts of metals clearly accelerated as to response of straight walking, pivoting, rooting reflex, grasp reflex, crossed extensor and auditory startle in the reflex and behavioral tests. Later on offspring of mice injected with trace amounts of metals were affected so as to influence their maze learning behavior at 5-7 weeks age. This study clearly established that mice from mothers receiving trace amountsof metals during pregnancy produced long lasting behavioral changes from birth to maturity in offspring of both sexes.Article信州大学農学部紀要 16(1): 13-28(1979)departmental bulletin pape

Effect of Selenium-enriched Japanese Radish Sprouts and Rhodobacter capsulatus on the Cholesterol and Immune Response of Laying Hens

Immune response and yolk cholesterol are crucial factors for commercial chicken producers. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of selenium-enriched Japanese radish sprouts (Se-enriched JRS) and R. capsulatus synergistically on immune response and cholesterol in laying hens. A total of 50 laying hens (20-wk old) were assigned to 5 dietary treatment groups, and fed diets supplemented with 2.5 mu g/kg, 5 mu g/kg, 10 mu g/kg Se-enriched JRS and 5 mu g/kg Se-enriched JRS+R. capsulatus (0.02%). Egg production and yolk color were significantly improved by the supplementation of Se-enriched JRS+R. capsulatus in the layer diet (p<0.05). Compared to the control, serum cholesterol concentration and triglyceride levels were decreased by all the treatments (p<0.05). After 8-wk of the experiment, supplementation of 5 mu g/kg, 10 mu g/kg and Se-enriched JRS+R. capsulatus significantly reduced yolk cholesterol and triglycerides, while the greatest reduction was observed when R. capsulatus was incorporated with Se-enriched JRS. Spleen, bursa and thymus weight were significantly increased by both the 5 mu g/kg and 10 mu g/kg Se-enriched JRS. Compared to the control, supplementation of 5 mu g/kg and 10 mu g/kg Se-enriched JRS significantly increased serum IgG and yolk IgY concentration and foot web index activity by Newcastle Disease Virus (p<0.05). After 4-wk and 8-wk of supplementation, the highest number of leukocytes was observed with Se-enriched JRS+R. capsulatus (p<0.05). The highest concentration of serum and yolk Se was found in Se-enriched JRS plus R. capsulatus treatment. Combined dietary supplementation of Se-enriched JRS and R. capsulatus might be beneficial for better health, disease protection and overall production performance.ArticleASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES. 23(5):630-639 (2010)journal articl

Hypocholesterolemic Response to Karaya Saponin and Rhodobacter capsulatus in Broiler Chickens

Dietary karaya saponin and Rhodobacter capsulatus (R. capsulatus) are known to have hypocholesterolemic actions, as reported in our previous studies. This study examined possible synergistic hypocholesterolemic effects of karaya saponin and R. capsulatus in broilers. A total of 150 broilers were allocated into 10 treatments: control, saponin 25 mg, saponin 50 mg, saponin 75 mg, saponin 25 mg+R. capsulatus 0.2 g, saponin 25 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g, saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.2 g, saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g, saponin 75 mg+R. capsulatus 0.2 g and saponin 75 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g. Feed intake and feed efficiency were improved when karaya saponin and R. capsulatus were synergistically supplemented in the diet. Combinations of karaya saponin, especially supplementation of karaya saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g were shown to have potential hypolipidemic actions in breast and thigh muscle cholesterol and triglycerides, serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as improved high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (p<0.05). Compared to the control, almost all the treatments significantly increased serum, liver and fecal concentrations of bile acids (p<0.05). Supplementation of both karaya saponin (75 mg) and saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g reduced palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) in a similar fashion (p<0.05). The ratios of PUFA:SFA or PUFA+MUFA:SFA in the thigh and breast muscle of broilers were greater in karaya saponin and R. capsulatus supplemented groups than in the control group. Thus, our study concluded that supplementation of karaya saponin synergistically with R. capsulatus in the diet of broilers is an effective way to obtain low-cholesterol, low-triglyceride and high HDL-cholesterol enriched poultry meat with a unique fatty acid balance.ArticleASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES. 23(6):733-741 (2010)journal articl

Dietary Karaya Saponin and Rhodobacter capsulatus Exert Hypocholesterolemic Effects by Suppression of Hepatic Cholesterol Synthesis and Promotion of Bile Acid Synthesis in Laying Hens

This study was conducted to elucidate the mechanism underlying the hypolipidemic action of karaya saponin or Rhodobacter (R.) capsulatus. A total of 40 laying hens (20-week-old) were assigned into four dietary treatment groups and fed a basal diet (as a control) or basal diets supplemented with either karaya saponin, R. capsulatus, or both for 60 days. The level of serum low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum, liver, and egg yolk were reduced by all the supplementations (P < .05). Liver bile acid concentration and fecal concentrations of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and bile acid were simultaneously increased by the supplementation of karaya saponin, R. capsulatus, and the combination of karaya saponin and R. capsulatus (P < .05). The supplementation of karaya saponin, R. capsulatus, and the combination of karaya saponin and R. capsulatus suppressed the incorporation of 14C from 1-14C-palmitic acid into the fractions of total lipids, phospholipids, triacylglycerol, and cholesterol in the liver in vitro (P < .05). These findings suggest that the hypocholesterolemic effects of karaya saponin and R. capsulatus are caused by the suppression of the cholesterol synthesis and the promotion of cholesterol catabolism in the liver

Hypocholesterolemic Response to Karaya Saponin and Rhodobacter capsulatus in Broiler Chickens

Dietary karaya saponin and Rhodobacter capsulatus (R. capsulatus) are known to have hypocholesterolemic actions, as reported in our previous studies. This study examined possible synergistic hypocholesterolemic effects of karaya saponin and R. capsulatus in broilers. A total of 150 broilers were allocated into 10 treatments: control, saponin 25 mg, saponin 50 mg, saponin 75 mg, saponin 25 mg+R. capsulatus 0.2 g, saponin 25 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g, saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.2 g, saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g, saponin 75 mg+R. capsulatus 0.2 g and saponin 75 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g. Feed intake and feed efficiency were improved when karaya saponin and R. capsulatus were synergistically supplemented in the diet. Combinations of karaya saponin, especially supplementation of karaya saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g were shown to have potential hypolipidemic actions in breast and thigh muscle cholesterol and triglycerides, serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as improved high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (p<0.05). Compared to the control, almost all the treatments significantly increased serum, liver and fecal concentrations of bile acids (p<0.05). Supplementation of both karaya saponin (75 mg) and saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g reduced palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) in a similar fashion (p<0.05). The ratios of PUFA:SFA or PUFA+MUFA:SFA in the thigh and breast muscle of broilers were greater in karaya saponin and R. capsulatus supplemented groups than in the control group. Thus, our study concluded that supplementation of karaya saponin synergistically with R. capsulatus in the diet of broilers is an effective way to obtain low-cholesterol, low-triglyceride and high HDL-cholesterol enriched poultry meat with a unique fatty acid balance.ArticleASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES. 23(6):733-741 (2010)journal articl