The Printing Blocks and Impressions of Juggan Cheophaesineo

朝鮮王朝時代、司訳院倭学において日本語学習用のテキストとして編まれた『捷解新語』は、日本語史、朝鮮語史双方において価値の高い言語資料として知られており、同時に日朝の文化交流史においても注目すべき資料である。 『捷解新語』は、そのいわゆる原刊本が粛宗２年（康煕丙辰1676年）に刊行され、その後、第１次の改修本（木版本）が英祖24年（乾隆戊辰1748年）に印行された。その後、さらに第２次の改修が行われ活字印行されたものの、印本が散逸したため、正祖５年（乾隆辛丑1781年）に重刊された。現在、印本が残っているのは、第２次改修本を除く、原刊本諸本（覆丙辰を含む）、第１次改修本、第２次改修本の重刊本（重刊改修本、以下重刊本とする）である（安田1990他）。このうち、重刊本については、その刊行（1781年）以後、司訳院の閉鎖（1894年）まで、100年余に亙って用いられたため、何度か印刷されたものと思われ、次節に挙げるいくつかの諸本が伝わっている。いっぽう、重刊本には、その板木（冊板）が部分的ではあるが、残存している。筆者は、以前より重刊本の諸本を調査し、2006年には韓国の高麗大学校において同博物館所蔵の板木を詳しく調査する機会をえた。これまで重刊本と原刊本・改修本との関係は数多く研究されてきたが、重刊本諸本の残存状況や印刷の前後関係、板木との関係については、殆ど問題にされていない。本稿では、この問題を取り上げ、残存している諸本と板木について残存状況を概観したのち、板木諸本の前後関係を考えていきたい

Korean Words in 'Sonkai Tokai Nikki'

「尊海渡海日記」は、天文8年(1539年)広島大願寺の僧尊海(?～1549)が一切経を求めて朝鮮に渡った時の紀行文である。本文は、尊海が朝鮮で得たとされる八曲一双の「野立屏風」(各曲102.8cm×54cm)の裏面に記されている（表は瀟湘八景図）。漢文体で書かれており最古の朝鮮機構であるとされる。本屏風は、宮島大願寺蔵（大願寺文書314号文書）の国の重要文化財であるが、現在は東京国立博物館に移管されている。現物の閲覧はできないが、レプリカが福岡市立博物館、広島県立歴史博物館、大願寺にある。本紀行は、従来より、歴史学では中世の日朝交渉に関する重要な資料として取り上げられており（中村(1965)、武田(1981)、井上(1992)等）、また屏風表の瀟湘八景図は美術史の面でも言及されてきた（脇本(1934)、武田(1963)等）。いっぽう、本紀行の本文には、尊海が自ら記したとされる仮名書きの朝鮮語が32例見られる。これについては、歴史学の観点から中村(1965)が一部言及しているものの、言語学の観点からの考察は従来ほとんどなされていなかった（辻(1997)）。本稿では、この仮名書き朝鮮語を取り上げ、これを言語史の観点から考察しようとするものである。原文と読み下し文を掲げたのち、仮名書き朝鮮語32例について、写音表記や音韻史の観点から検討し、その言語的特長、とくに中期朝鮮語との対応関係を中心に考察する

九州中南部のコナラ: ボロボロノキ群集について

[論文] Articl

Arterial embolization of an extrapleural hematoma from a dislocated fracture of the lumbar spine: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We present a report of a blunt-trauma patient who developed an atypical extrapleural hematoma with hemodynamic instability following a dislocation fracture of the first lumbar vertebra. We successfully treated her with arterial embolization (AE) of the lumbar and intercostal arteries.</p> <p>Case report</p> <p>The patient, a 74-year-old woman, was injured in a traffic accident. At the scene of the accident, she was found to be alert, and her hemodynamic condition was stable. She arrived at our hospital complaining of lumbago. A thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast enhancement showed a dislocation fracture of the first lumbar vertebra along with paravertebral and retroperitoneal hematomas. Therefore, we managed the patient conservatively with bed rest. However, 3 h after admission, her blood pressure suddenly decreased. A repeated thoracoabdominal CT scan showed enlargement of the right retroperitoneal hematoma with extravasation of the contrast medium into the right extrapleural space. Angiography was immediately performed, showing extravasation of the contrast media from the right intercostal (Th12) and lumbar arteries (L1). After arterial embolization (AE) with gelatin-sponge particles, extravasation of the contrast medium ceased, and the patient's hemodynamic condition stabilized without massive fluid resuscitation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The extrapleural hematoma reduced in size after AE, and almost disappeared on the 14^thday of hospitalization. The lumbar spinal fracture was successfully repaired on day 16, and the patient was kept in the hospital to recuperate. We believe that AE is effective for the management of intractable bleeding following fractures of the spine.</p

Quantitative environmental DNA metabarcoding shows high potential as a novel approach to quantitatively assess fish community

水に含まれる環境DNAから「どんな魚」が「どれだけいるか」を同時に推定 --定量的な魚類群集モニタリングを容易に実現--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-01-20.The simultaneous conservation of species richness and evenness is important to effectively reduce biodiversity loss and keep ecosystem health. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has been used as a powerful tool for identifying community composition, but it does not necessarily provide quantitative information due to several methodological limitations. Thus, the quantification of eDNA through metabarcoding is an important frontier of eDNA-based biomonitoring. Particularly, the qMiSeq approach has recently been developed as a quantitative metabarcoding method and has attracted much attention due to its usefulness. The aim here was to evaluate the performance of the qMiSeq approach as a quantitative monitoring tool for fish communities by comparing the quantified eDNA concentrations with the results of fish capture surveys. The eDNA water sampling and the capture surveys using the electrical shocker were conducted at a total of 21 sites in four rivers in Japan. As a result, we found significant positive relationships between the eDNA concentrations of each species quantified by qMiSeq and both the abundance and biomass of each captured taxon at each site. Furthermore, for seven out of eleven taxa, a significant positive relationship was observed between quantified DNA concentrations by sample and the abundance and/or biomass. In total, our results demonstrated that eDNA metabarcoding with the qMiSeq approach is a suitable and useful tool for quantitative monitoring of fish communities. Due to the simplicity of the eDNA analysis, the eDNA metabarcoding with qMiSeq approach would promote further growth of quantitative monitoring of biodiversity

Arterial embolization in patients with grade-4 blunt renal trauma: evaluation of the glomerular filtration rates by dynamic scintigraphy with 99mTechnetium-diethylene triamine pentacetic acid

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>High-grade blunt renal trauma has been treated by arterial embolization (AE). However, it is unknown whether AE preserves renal function, because conventional renal function tests reflect total renal function and not the function of the injured kidney alone. Dynamic scintigraphy can assess differential renal function.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We performed AE in 17 patients with grade-4 blunt renal trauma and determined their serum creatinine (sCr) level and glomerular filtration rate (GFR; estimated by dynamic scintigraphy) after 3 months. In 4 patients with low GFR of the injured kidney (<20 ml·min^-1·1.73 m^-2), the GFR and sCr were measured again at 6 months. Data are presented as median and interquartile range (25th, 75th percentile).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The median GFR of the injured kidney, total GFR, and median sCr at 3 months were 29.3 (23.7, 35.3) and 96.8 (79.1, 102.6) ml·min^-1·1.73 m^-2and 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) mg/dl, respectively. In the patients with low GFR (ml·min^-1·1.73 m^-2), the median GFR of the injured kidney, total GFR, and median sCr (mg/dl) were 16.2 (15.7, 16.3), 68.7 (61.1, 71.6), and 0.7 (0.7, 0.9), respectively, at 3 months and 34.5 (29.2, 37.0), 90.9 (79.1, 98.8), and 0.7 (0.7, 0.8), respectively, at 6 months.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The function of the injured kidney was preserved in all patients, indicating the efficacy of AE for the treatment of grade-4 blunt renal trauma.</p