Clinical Experience of Laser Angioplasty for the Cardiovascular Disease

In recent years, lasers are being utilized in cardiovascular surgery. Since the 1980's we have investigated angioplasty using an Argon laser for patients with obstructive arterial diseases. This technique aims to open the obstructive arterial lumen. Based on the excellent results of experimental studies, the technique has been clinically applied. Laser angioplasty was carried out in 84 patients with stenotic or obstructive lesions occluding more than 75% of peripheral and coronary arteries angiographically. They consisted of 74 cases with intermittent claudication and 10 cases with angina pectoris. Laser angioplasty for the peripheral arterial disease was performed under local anesthesia in the inguinal region under angioscopic guidance. On the other hand, laser coronary angioplasty was simultaneously undertaken at the time of coronary artery bypass grafting for a patient with multiple coronary stenoses. The initial success rate by laser angioplasty for the peripheral artery was 91% in the stenotic lesions and 71% in the obstructive lesions. The cumulative patency rate was 94% in the stenotic lesions and 83% in the occlusive lesions. A follow-up study of 66 months was carried out for patients with clinical success, excluding the cases where an angiogram showed occlusion within 1 week after laser angioplasty. Consequently, excellent long-term results could be clinically obtained. Based on the satisfactory results in the peripheral artery, coronary laser angioplasty was employed in 10 patients with angina pectoris. There were no complications by laser. Thus, the feasibility of laser application was apparently confirmed and laser angioplasty might be recommended for patients with atherosclerotic changes, especially for small arteries

Pasteurella multocida infection in turkeys : pathogenesis and immunity

Pathogenesis and immunity involved in fowl cholera were studied with the turkey, one of the most susceptible natural hosts. The causative agent, Pasteurella multocida, was analyzed in terms of its virulence and immunogenic factors, using a highly virulent, encapsulated strain P-1059. Protective immunity was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- protein complex antigens prepared by two different methods. The LPS prepared by Westphal's phenol-water method, in contrast, did not induce immunity. High titers of anti-LPS antibody were induced by LPS-protein complexes, but not by LPS. Immunogenicity of the LPS-protein complex was lost upon the treatment with periodate, but not with protease. The results suggest that immunoprotective determinants probably reside in the LPS moiety of the complex, and that the protein(s) may function as the carrier of LPS. Virulence of the organism was closely associated with its capsule-producibility, since a non-encapsulated mutant derived from the strain P-1059 was significantly less virulent than the parent strain. The capsule was removable by hyaluronidase, but the decapsulation did not cause the loss of virulence. When the encapsulated or decapsulated form of organism, as well as the non-encapsulated mutant was intravenously inoculated into susceptible turkeys, the majority of bacteria were rapidly removed from the bloodstream, and trapped in the liver and spleen. The presence or absence of capsule did not influence the clearance of bacteria from the blood. Thus, the capsule appeared not to act as an anti-phagocytic factor to the phagocytes responsible for the intravascular clearance of bacteria. The non-encapsulated mutant was readily inactivated in the liver (but not in the spleen), while the encapsulated organisms multiplied freely in the liver and spleen. Hence, the capsule seemed to be important for the bacteria to resist the bactericidal activity of hepatic phagocytes. Similar experiments with immune turkeys showed that specific immunity did not enhance the clearance of bacteria from the blood, but that immunity was essential for inactivation of the encapsulated bacteria entrapped in the liver. Immunity, however, did not facilitate the killing of bacteria in the spleen. Involvement of humoral and cellular defense factors in the bactericidal activity in the liver was investigated by the passive transfer of immune serum or by the treatment with macrophage activating agents. The results indicated that specific antibody has a primary role, and that activation of macrophages may also contribute to enhancing the bactericidal activity

[Chapter 1] Development of screening method using HPLC/UV for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in hair samples [Chapter 2] Determination of a hair nicotine cut-off value to distinguish smokers from non-smokers in general male adults

博士（医学）福島県立医科大

Temperature dependence of the hydrogen bond network in Trimethylamine N-oxide and guanidine hydrochloride - water solutions

We present an X-ray Compton scattering study on aqueous Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and guanidine hydrochloride solutions (GdnHCl) as a function of temperature. Independent from the concentration of the solvent, Compton profiles almost resemble results for liquid water as a function of temperature. However, The number of hydrogen bonds per water molecule extracted from the Compton profiles suggests a decrease of hydrogen bonds with rising temperatures for all studied samples, the differences between water and the solutions are weak. Nevertheless, the data indicate a reduced bond weakening with rising TMAO concentration up to 5M of 7.2% compared to 8 % for pure water. In contrast, the addition of GdnHCl appears to behave differently for concentrations up to 3.1 M with a weaker impact on the temperature response of the hydrogen bond structure

知的障害特別支援学校でのタブレット端末活用の動向

GIGAスクール構想の実現により，一人一台端末と高速大容量の通信ネットワークが整備される中で，特別支援学校でもICT活用が進んでいる。本研究では，知的障害特別支援学校における児童生徒のタブレット活用方法について，活用場面を5つのカテゴリーに分けてわが国の研究論文や実践報告を整理し，各場面でどのように活用されているのか検討した。その結果，各カテゴリー間に共通した要素が二つ示された。一点目は活用場面ごとに特徴的な使用方法はあるが，複数のカテゴリーの活用場面で同様の活用方法がとられていること，二点目はプログラミング学習における活用が検討されていることである。さらに今後の課題として，客観的にタブレット端末活用の成果を評価した実践報告が求められることと，児童生徒の特性に合わせた支援を継続的に検討することの二点が示された。With the realization of the GIGA school concept, one terminal per student has been introduced and a high-speed, large-capacity communication network has been developed, and the utilization of ICT is progressing even in the special-needs schools. This study has examined how tablet computers are used by the students at special schools for intellectual disabilities by dividing the situations in which they are used into five categories, and organizing the Japanese research papers and practice reports accordingly. We found two common elements among the categories: first, although there are unique ways of using tablets in each situation, similar methods are used in several categories of situations, and second, the use of tablets in programming learning is being considered. Furthermore, we have indicated the need for objective evaluation of the results of practices using tablet computers and the continuous study of the methods of use tailored to the studentsʼ characteristics as future issued

わが国の教師の信念／ビリーフに関する研究の成果と展望 : 多様な教育的ニーズに応える意識とは？

本研究では，多様な教育的ニーズに応える教師の意識について検討するため，教師の信念／ビリーフに関する研究を概観した。その結果，教師の信念／ビリーフは，⑴研究によって定義や理解が異なること，⑵教師の指導行動や態度に正負両面の影響があること，⑶児童の学級適応感に正負両面の影響があること，⑷教師の精神的健康に影響すること，⑸学校段階や学校タイプによって教師の信念／ビリーフは異なることなどが明らかになった。そして，多様な教育的ニーズに対応できる教師の信念／ビリーフを客観視できる指標が必要であること，同じく多様な教育的ニーズに対応できる教師の信念／ビリーフを獲得する経緯を明らかにすることが課題となる。This study examined teachersʼ consciousness for addressing diverse educational needs by reviewing the research on teachersʼ beliefs. The results revealed that (1) teachersʼ beliefs were defined and understood differently in different studies, (2) their teaching behaviors and attitudes are both positively and negatively impacted by their beliefs, (3) teachersʼ beliefs positively and negatively affect childrenʼs classroom adjustment, (4) teachersʼ beliefs have an impact on their mental health, and (5) teachersʼ beliefs vary by school stage and type. Furthermore, an index that can objectively evaluate teachersʼ beliefs is vital to successfully address various educational needs, and it is challenge to clarify the process by which teachers acquire their beliefs

An immunofluorescent study on anti-synovial tissue antibody in the body fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis

There is as yet no plausible and convincing explanation for the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. The authors investigated anti-synovial tissue antibody in the body fluid of rheumatoid arthritis by means of indirect immunofluorescent technic using non-affected synovial tissues as antigen. As the result the anti-synovial tissue antibody was detected in 7 cases of the 15 synovial fluid samples of rheumatoid arthritis and in two out of the six serum samples. The site of the localization of this antibody was demonstrated to be in the synovial membrane, especially in synovial cells and in the small blood vessel walls situated immediately adjacent to the synovial surface, but it was found in no connective tissues other than synovial membrane. It seems that this anti-synovial tissue antibody should be considered as an independent factor from rheumatoid factor, and that rather than the rheumatoid factor it is more actively associated with the localization and progression of chronic inflammation within the rheumatoid arthritis joint.</p