10 research outputs found
Disrupting colonial discourses in the Geography curriculum during the introduction of British Values policy in schools
The main purpose of this article is to expose and disrupt discourses dominating global development in an English school geography textbook chapter. The study was prompted by a teacherâs encounter with cultural difference in a geography lesson in South Korea. I investigate the issues raised through the lens of a new curriculum policy in English schools called âPromoting Fundamental British Valuesâ which forms part of Englandâs education-securitisation agenda, a topic of international attention. Following contextualisation across research fields and in recent curriculum and assessment policy reform, I bring together theoretical perspectives from curriculum studies and Continental philosophy that do not usually speak to each other, to construct a new analytical approach. I identify three key themes, each informed by colonial logic: âdevelopmentâ, ânumerical indicatorsâ and âlearning to divide the worldâ. The inquiry appears to expose a tension between the knowledge of the textbook chapter and the purported aims of the British Values curriculum policy, but further investigation reveals the two to be connected through common colonial values. The findings are relevant to teachers, publishers, textbook authors, policy makers and curriculum researchers. I recommend a refreshed curriculum agenda with the politics of knowledge and ethical global relations at its centre
Literacia histĂłrica e histĂłria transformativa
Resumo A Educação HistĂłrica, como a prĂłpria histĂłria, Ă© uma conquista precĂĄria; Ă© vulnerĂĄvel a agendas polĂticas e educacionais que procuram mesclĂĄ-la com outras partes do currĂculo ou reduzi-la a um veĂculo para a cidadania ou valores comuns patriĂłticos. Se tivermos a expectativa de nos engajarmos em uma discussĂŁo sĂ©ria na Educação HistĂłrica em face destes desafios, devemos evitar lemas polares como "tradicional versus progressista", "centrado na criança versus centrado na matĂ©ria" e "habilidades versus conteĂșdo", que tĂȘm produzido muita confusĂŁo na literatura. Em particular, deve-se evitar falar de competĂȘncias, com a sua infeliz concessĂŁo de licenças a convenientes e tolos currĂculos genĂ©ricos. A histĂłria Ă© uma forma pĂșblica de conhecimento e o desenvolvimento de uma tradição metacognitiva, com as suas prĂłprias normas e critĂ©rios. HĂĄ evidĂȘncias que sugerem que a histĂłria Ă© contraintuitiva e que entendĂȘ-la envolve a alteração ou atĂ© mesmo o abandono de ideias cotidianas que tornam o conhecimento do passado impossĂvel. Consequentemente o ensino de histĂłria envolve o desenvolvimento de um aparato conceitual de segunda ordem que permite que a histĂłria siga em frente, em vez de imobilizĂĄ-la e, ao fazĂȘ-lo, abre a perspectiva de mudança de uma visĂŁo cotidiana da natureza e do estado do conhecimento do passado para uma de conhecimento histĂłrico. Isto nos permite dar conta do que significa saber um pouco de histĂłria - um provisĂłrio conceito de literacia histĂłrica - como um aprendizado de uma compreensĂŁo disciplinar da histĂłria, como a aquisição das disposiçÔes que derivam e impulsionam essa compreensĂŁo histĂłrica e como o desenvolvimento de uma imagem do passado, que permite que os alunos se orientem no tempo. Existem pesquisas para informar o debate sobre o primeiro componente, mas hĂĄ pouco disponĂvel para o segundo. HĂĄ um interesse atual considerĂĄvel no terceiro componente, mas o debate centrou-se sobre a questĂŁo perene da "ignorĂąncia" das crianças, em vez de reconhecer que o problema Ă© encontrar maneiras de permitir que os alunos adquiram passados ​histĂłricos utilizĂĄveis que nĂŁo sĂŁo histĂłrias fixas. A obtenção de literacia histĂłrica potencialmente transforma a visĂŁo de mundo de crianças (e de adultos) e permite açÔes atĂ© entĂŁo - literalmente - inconcebĂveis para eles. Entender a importĂąncia disto para o ensino da histĂłria significa abandonar hĂĄbitos de pensar com base em um presente instantĂąneo, em que uma forma de apartheid temporal separa o passado do presente e do futuro. Significa, tambĂ©m, desencaixotar as formas em que a histĂłria pode transformar como vemos o mundo. Tais transformaçÔes podem ser dramĂĄticas em longas extensĂ”es ou mais localizadas e especĂficas. Elas podem mudar a forma como vemos oportunidades e constrangimentos polĂticos ou sociais, a nossa prĂłpria identidade ou dos outros, a nossa percepção das feridas e fardos que herdamos e a adequação das explicaçÔes das principais caracterĂsticas do nosso mundo. Elas podem sugerir revisĂ”es constrangedoras do nosso entendimento e expectativas de como o mundo humano funciona. E elas podem nos ajudar a conhecer melhor o que nĂŁo dizer. Literacia histĂłrica envolve tratar o passado como uma ecologia temporal interconectada capaz de suportar uma gama indefinida de histĂłrias, nĂŁo apenas algo que usamos para contar a histĂłria que melhor se adapte aos nossos objetivos e desejos imediatos. Como outras formas pĂșblicas de conhecimento, a histĂłria Ă© uma tradição metacognitiva que as pessoas tĂȘm lutado longa e duramente para desenvolver e ser capaz de praticar. Ă uma conquista frĂĄgil, a ser tratada com respeito e cuidado nas escolas
Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU
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Summary of the first neutron image data collected at the National Ignition Facility
A summary of data and results from the first neutron images produced by the National Ignition Facility (NIF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA are presented. An overview of the neutron imaging technique is presented, as well as a synopsis of the data collected and measurements made to date. Data form directly driven, DT filled microballoons, as well as, indirectly driven, cryogenically layered ignition experiments are presented. The data presented show that the primary cores from directly driven implosions are approximately twice as large, 64 {+-} 3 {mu}m, as indirect cores 25 {+-} 4 and 29 {+-} 4 {mu}m and more asymmetric, P2/P0 = 47% vs. -14% and 7%. Further, comparison with the size and shape of X-ray image data on the same implosions show good agreement, indicating X-ray emission is dominated by the hot regions of the implosion
Summary of the first neutron image data collected at the National Ignition Facility
A summary of data and results from the first neutron images produced by the National Ignition Facility (NIF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA are presented. An overview of the neutron imaging technique is presented, as well as a synopsis of data and measurements made to date. Data from directly driven, DT filled microballoons, as well as indirectly driven, cryogenically layered ignition experiments are presented. The data show that the primary cores from directly driven implosions are approximately twice as large, 64 ± 3 ÎŒm, as indirectly driven cores, 25 ± 4 and 29 ± 4 ÎŒm and more asymmetric, P2/P0 = 47% vs. â 14% and 7%. Further, comparison with the size and shape of X-ray image data on the same implosions show good agreement, indicating X-ray emission is dominated by the hot regions of the implosion
The neutron imaging system fielded at the National Ignition Facility
We have fielded a neutron imaging system at the National Ignition Facility to collect images of fusion neutrons produced in the implosion of inertial confinement fusion experiments and scattered neutrons from (n, nâČ) reactions of the source neutrons in the surrounding dense material. A description of the neutron imaging system is presented, including the pinhole array aperture, the line-of-sight collimation, the scintillator-based detection system and the alignment systems and methods. Discussion of the alignment and resolution of the system is presented. We also discuss future improvements to the system hardware
Nuclear imaging of the fuel assembly in ignition experiments
First results from the analysis of neutron image data collected on implosions of cryogenically layered deuterium-tritium capsules during the 2011-2012 National Ignition Campaign are reported. The data span a variety of experimental designs aimed at increasing the stagnation pressure of the central hotspot and areal density of the surrounding fuel assembly. Images of neutrons produced by deuterium-tritium fusion reactions in the hotspot are presented, as well as images of neutrons that scatter in the surrounding dense fuel assembly. The image data are compared with 1D and 2D model predictions, and consistency checked using other diagnostic data. The results indicate that the size of the fusing hotspot is consistent with the model predictions, as well as other imaging data, while the overall size of the fuel assembly, inferred from the scattered neutron images, is systematically smaller than models' prediction. Preliminary studies indicate these differences are consistent with a significant fraction (20%-25%) of the initial deuterium-tritium fuel mass outside the compact fuel assembly, due either to low mode mass asymmetry or high mode 3D mix effects at the ablator-ice interface
Comparing neutron and X-ray images from NIF implosions
Directly laser driven and X-radiation driven DT filled capsules differ in the relationship between neutron and X-ray images. Shot N110217, a directly driven DT-filled glass micro-balloon provided the first neutron images at the National Ignition Facility. As seen in implosions on the Omega laser, the neutron image can be enclosed inside time integrated X-ray images. HYDRA simulations show the X-ray image is dominated by emission from the hot glass shell while the neutron image arises from the DT fuel it encloses. In the absence of mix or jetting, X-ray images of a cryogenically layered THD fuel capsule should be dominated by emission from the hydrogen rather than the cooler plastic shell that is separated from the hot core by cold DT fuel. This cool, dense DT, invisible in X-ray emission, shows itself by scattering hot core neutrons. Germanium X-ray emission spectra and Ross pair filtered X-ray energy resolved images suggest that germanium doped plastic emits in the torus shaped hot spot, probably reducing the neutron yield