Linear Protection Schemes Analysis in Scattered Placement Fiber-To-The Home-Passive Optical Network Using Customer Access Protection Unit Solution

<STRONG>Problem statement:</STRONG> This study highlights on restoration scheme proposed against failure in working line at the drop region for Fiber-To-The Home (FTTH) with a Passive Optical Network (PON). Whereas PON is a system that brings optical fiber cable and signals all or most of the way to the end user.<STRONG> Approach:</STRONG> Survivability scheme against failure is focused on scattered residence architectures and it is applied in the ring and tree topology respectively by means of Customer Access Protection Unit (CAPU). CAPU will be installed before the ONU and ensure the signal will find the alternative path when failure occurs at the specific line. Our proposal scheme is low cost and applicable to any residence architecture. The advantage of this scheme is the failure at fiber line can be recovered until three levels to make sure the optic signal flow continuously to avoid any application disturbance. Two type of restoration scheme is proposed by means of linear protection (tree) and migrated protection (ring). FTTH based network design is simulated by using Opti System 7.0 in order to investigate the power output and BER performance at each node in the tree and ring protection scheme in scattered placement. This study we perform an analysis on linear protection scheme that consisting of two model a) Line to Line (L2L) protection and CAPU to CAPU (C2C) or Shared protection. However the migration of tree to ring topology to enable the signal flow continuously in the case of failure occurs specifically in random or scattered placement topology has been highlighted in our previous publication. <STRONG>Results:</STRONG> The signal will be divided into section; drop and pass through and the ratio is significant to determine the number of user allowed and achievable distance. Output power for optical nodes could be slightly improved by varying the pass through and drop signal ratio. <STRONG>Conclusion:</STRONG> Our proposal is the first reported up to this time in which the upstream signal flows in anticlockwise in ring topology when the restoration scheme activated

SPIN DETERMINATION OF VALENCE AND INNER HOLE STATES VIA THE PB-208((D)OVER-RIGHT-ARROW,T)PB-207 REACTION AT ED=200 MEV

Highly excited neutron hole states in Pb-207 have been studied via the (d, over arrow pointing right, t) reaction at E(d) = 200 MeV using for the first time a polarized beam, with both vector and tensor components. The determination of overlapping neutron hole response functions takes advantage of the strong characteristic features of j- = l - 1/2 versus j+ = l + 1/2 level analyzing powers and of the good distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) description of the reaction. A least-squares fit analysis of the sigma, A(y), and A(yy) angular distributions has allowed a determination of the high j transition spectroscopic factors contributing to the excitation energy bins up to E(x) = 14.5 MeV. The results are compared in details with those relying only on l identification, previously obtained in the 1i13/2 and 1h9/2 valence state fragmentation up to E(x) = 6.7 MeV and on the 1h11/2 strength up to approximately 10 MeV. Several previous conclusions are unambiguously confirmed, in particular, the attribution of the bump around E(x) = 8.2 MeV to the 1h11/2 strength. In addition, the present experiment settles the attributions of several j - versus j + valence groups and indicates that the 1h9/2 strength is spread up to approximately 10. 8 MeV. The analysis performed up to E(x) = 14.5 MeV gives the first determination of the 1h 11/2 strength beyond the bump, and a first reliable evidence for the 1g7/2 strength, with the maximum around E(x) = 11MeV. Approximately 85% of these inner hole state sum rules are exhausted in the studied excitation energy range. The spin-orbit splitting of 1h orbitals in Pb-208 deduced from the strength centroids is 5.2 MeV. The experimental strength distributions and the integral characteristics of the 1i13/2, 1h9/2, 1h11/2, and 1g7/2 hole states are compared with the results from different theoretical approaches, i.e., microscopic calculations of the fragmentation and phenomenological calculations of spectral functions in a modified mean field. The comparison reports on the sharing of the valence strengths between each quasihole level and the other fragments, characterized by their centroids and widths, and on the shape of the inner hole strength distributions, the centroids and spreading widths

VECTOR AND TENSOR ANALYZING POWERS IN THE PB-208(D)OVER-RIGHT-ARROW,T)PB-207 REACTION AT 200 AND 360 MEV

Cross sections and vector and tensor analyzing powers for the main levels in Pb-207 have been measured via the Pb-208(d over arrow pointing right, t)Pb-207 reaction at 200 and 360 MeV incident energies. A(y) and A(yy) spin observables allow a clear identification of the valence levels, especially at 200 MeV. The results are compared with finite range distorted-wave Born approximation calculations using the Paris projectile-ejectile form factor including the S and D components. The analysis shows a large effect of the D component on the tensor analyzing powers at the most forward angles. At both energies, the spin part of the deuteron optical potential is very important to describe the analyzing powers and especially A(yy). A good description of all observables at 200 MeV allows this reaction to be used as a spectroscopic tool