メイシガタ ジョスウシ ノ ヨウホウ ジュン ジョスウシ セット ト クミ ヲ チュウシン ニ

日本語では事物を数える際に、助数詞とよばれる接辞を義務的に伴う。現代日本語の助数詞には、「1 冊」の「冊」のように数詞と切り離して単独で用いることができないものと、「1 票」の「票」のように、名詞と同形であり、数詞と離しても単独で用いることができるものが存在する。本稿では、後者を「名詞型助数詞」とし、個別の助数詞である「セット」を取り上げ、類義の助数詞である「組」と比較しながら、なぜ「セット」という外来語の名詞が助数詞として使われるようになったのかを複数のコーパスの用例から考察し、名詞型助数詞の特徴について分析を行った。「セット」は、名詞本来の意味から、「役割に注目して一まとめにして数えることができる」という特性があるため、数える対象の事物の種類を問わず、「組」よりも柔軟な用法をもつ。名詞型助数詞は、典型的な助数詞と異なり、名詞をそのまま助数詞として用いることを特色としている。名詞を用いて対象を数えることにより、表現のバリエーションが生じ、さらに何をまとめ上げた表現なのか、ということが文脈の中でより明確になる利点があることが、「セット」の助数詞化に作用しているものと考えられる

Upper limb neuropathy such as carpal tunnel syndrome as an initial manifestation of ATTR Val30Met familial amyloid polyneuropathy

This is an electronic version of an article published in Amyloid 2010, Vol. 17, No. 1 : Pages 32-35. Amyloid is available online at: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/13506121003619369We report here two patients with amyloidogenic transthyretin (ATTR) Val30Met familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) who developed numbness in both hands and were diagnosed as having bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). In both patients systemic TTR amyloidosis consisting of polyneuropathy affecting both upper and lower limbs and/or autonomic dysfunction gradually appeared after surgery for CTS. Although CTS associated with TTR amyloidosis has been known as an initial symptom in some patients with ATTR non-Val30Met FAP and those with senile systemic amyloidosis, this is the first report of ATTR Val30Met FAP patients starting with upper limb neuropathy including CTS-like symptoms. It is also notable that both patients had no genealogical relationship with two Japanese endemic foci of this disease.ArticleAMYLOID. 17(1):32-35 (2010)journal articl

カシ コンテンツ データ シユウ ノ ガイヨウ ト ケンキュウ リヨウ ノ カノウセイ

本稿は，株式会社シンクパワー制作の資料『歌詞コンテンツデータ集』の概要について，特徴，仕様，注意点を述べた上で，本データ集を利用した調査の一例を示しながら，研究利用の可能性について検討を行ったものである。データの選定・収録方法が不明瞭であることなど，いくつか扱い方に留意すべき点はあるものの，個人の研究では資料の収集手段が限られる歌詞情報を豊富に収録した本データ集の利便性は高いと思われる

メイシ ノ ジョスウシテキヨウホウ ノ キノウ ニ カンスル ケントウ コベツカ ト ハンチュウカ ニ チュウモク シテ

日本語の数詞に続く表現の中には、「3項目挙げる」「2容疑者を逮捕」のように、名詞を助数詞として用いるものがある。本稿ではこれを「名詞の助数詞的用法」と呼び、これらが助数詞とどのように異なるのかについて機能の面から検討した。助数詞（類別詞）には従来、どのように対象の事物を計量するかに関わる「個別化」機能と、どのように名詞を意味分類しているかに関わる「範疇化」機能があるといわれている。名詞の助数詞的用法にこれらの機能があるかを検討した結果、可付番性のある容器型助数詞と準助数詞の一部のみ「個別化」を備えるが、多くは個別性を判断できないものとなった。その理由として、具体的な名詞であること、新たな計測単位自体であることが考えられた。また、「個別化」を備えるものは、典型的な助数詞と同様に「範疇化」を備えていると思われる。名詞から類別詞への文法化としていわれている五つの段階（N（Nouns）＞ CN（Class nouns）＞ Q（Quantifiers）＞intrQ（intrinsic quantifiers）＞ CL（Classifiers））のうち、新たな計測単位になりうる多くの準助数詞はQ にあたり、擬似助数詞であっても、具体的すぎる名詞はないことから、CN にあたる。また、同じCN にあたるものでも、準助数詞と擬似助数詞では具体性に違いがある。このように、擬似助数詞と準助数詞には、典型的な助数詞（類別詞）がもつ「範疇化」は無いものの、抽象度の度合いの異なる階層があることが読み取れる

A Young Man with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis following Guillain-Barré Syndrome

A 19-year-old man developed rapidly progressive muscle weakness and dysesthesia in the extremities, and dyspnea after a flu-like episode. Nerve conduction studies showed reduced motor nerve conduction velocities with conduction block, and sensory nerve action potentials could not be evoked. The patient was diagnosed as having Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and was treated with 2 cycles of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy and was assisted by mechanical ventilation. During the recovery course of the illness, he experienced several attacks of psychomotor agitation from the 37th hospital day, and generalized tonic convulsive seizures suddenly developed on the 42nd hospital day. Brain MRI showed high-intensity lesions in the bilateral thalamus and medial temporal lobes. The convulsions were controlled by continuous thiopental infusion (until the 50th hospital day) and mechanical ventilation (until the 84th hospital day). Intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy (1,000 mg/day) for 3 days followed by dexamethasone (16 mg/day) was added. After relief of convulsive seizures, prominent orolingual dyskinesia appeared, and on MRI marked atrophy of the bilateral medial temporal lobes was seen. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were positive on the 92nd hospital day. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis usually affects young females but a small number of male cases with this disease have been reported. Our male patient was unique in having GBS, a post-infectious autoimmune disease, as a preceding disease, suggesting that anti-NMDAR encephalitis itself is caused by a parainfectious autoimmune mechanism

High prevalence of wild-type transthyretin deposition in patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome: a common cause of carpal tunnel syndrome in the elderly

Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common type of entrapment neuropathy. However, the cause of carpal tunnel syndrome remains unclear in most cases. Senile systemic amyloidosis, induced by wild-type transthyretin deposition, is a prevalent aging-related disorder and often accompanied by carpal tunnel syndrome. In this study, we measured the frequency of unrecognized wild-type transthyretin deposition in patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. One hundred twenty-three patients with carnal tunnel syndrome, including 100 idiopathic patients, treated by carpal tunnel release surgery were analyzed. Tenosynovial tissues obtained at surgery were analyzed by Congo red and immunohistochemical staining. If staining for transthyretin was positive, the entire transthyretin gene was analyzed by direct DNA sequencing. We also analyzed tenosynovial tissues from 32 autopsy cases as controls. Thirty-four patients (34.0%) with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome showed amyloid deposition in the tenosynovial tissue, and all amyloid showed specific immunolabeling with antitransthyretin antibody. Direct DNA sequencing of the entire transthyretin gene did not reveal any mutations, indicating that all amyloid deposits were derived form wild-type transthyretin. Statistical analysis using logistic regression showed that the prevalence of transthyretin deposition in the idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome group was significantly higher than that in controls (odds ratio, 15.8; 95% confidence interval, 3.3-75.7), and age and male sex were independent risk factors for transthyretin amyloid deposition. Our results demonstrate that wild-type transthyretin deposition is a common cause of carpal tunnel syndrome in elderly men. It is likely that many patients develop carpal tunnel syndrome as an initial symptom of senile systemic amyloidosis.ArticleHUMAN PATHOLOGY. 42(11):1785-1791 (2011)journal articl

Oncogenic fusion gene CD74-NRG1 confers cancer stem cell-like properties in lung cancer through a IGF2 autocrine/paracrine circuit

The CD74-Neuregulin1 (NRG1) fusion gene was recently identified as novel driver of invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma, a malignant form of lung cancer. However, the function of the CD74-NRG1 fusion gene in adenocarcinoma pathogenesis and the mechanisms by which it may impart protumorigenic characteristics to cancer stem cells (CSC) is still unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of the CD74-NRG1 fusion gene increased the population of lung cancer cells with CSC-like properties. CD74-NRG1 expression facilitated sphere formation not only of cancer cells, but also of nonmalignant lung epithelial cells. Using a limiting dilution assay in a xenograft model, we further show that the CD74-NRG1 fusion gene enhanced tumor initiation. Mechanistically, we found that CD74-NRG1 expression promoted the phosphorylation of ErbB2/3 and activated the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, the expression of the secreted insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and phosphorylation of its receptor, IGF1R, were enhanced in an NF-κB-dependent manner in cells expressing CD74-NRG1. These findings suggest that CD74-NRG1-induced NF-κB activity promotes the IGF2 autocrine/paracrine circuit. Moreover, inhibition of ErbB2, PI3K, NF-κB, or IGF2 suppressed CD74-NRG1-induced tumor sphere formation. Therefore, our study provides a preclinical rationale for developing treatment approaches based on these identified pathways to suppress CSC properties that promote tumor progression and recurrence. © 2016 American Association for Cancer Research