Além do "silêncio de um oceano". Ideias de Brasil nas representações de um crítico e de artistas e arquitetos italianos depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial

RESUMO Este artigo investiga as ideias de Brasil formuladas em uma seleção de cartas, artigos, fotografias, desenhos, pinturas e mostras, entre 1947 e 1963 pelos arquitetos Lina Bo Bardi e Giancarlo Palanti, pelos artistas Roberto Sambonet e Bramante Buffoni, e pelo crítico de arte Pietro Maria Bardi - italianos imigrados no país após a Segunda Guerra Mundial. O novo país é visto como o lugar onde parece possível a realização das promessas da arte e da arquitetura modernas, mas também lugar onde estas se desfazem e transformam-se. O objetivo do trabalho é identificar, a partir desses exemplos, indícios de uma postura diante da realidade local, condutora de suas pesquisas sobre um caráter para a produção artística

Practice of proctology among general surgery residents and young specialists in Italy: a snapshot survey

Anal diseases are very common and, in most of the cases, require surgery of minor or medium complexity, and, therefore, are among the most accessible diseases for surgeons in training. Aim of this study is to investigate the status of the training in proctology in Italy. A 31-items questionnaire was administered to residents and young specialists (<= 2 years) in general surgery, using mailing lists, and the social media accounts of the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery. Answers from 338 respondents (53.8% males) were included in the final analysis. Overall, 252 respondents (74.5%) were residents and 86 (25.5%) young specialists. Two hundred and fifty-five (75.4%) respondents practiced proctology for the first time early on during their postgraduate training, but only 19.5% did it continuously for >= 24 months. Almost all respondents (334; 98.8%) had the chance to participate in proctological procedures, 205 (60.5%) as first surgeon. This percentage decreases according to the complexity of the surgery. In fact, only 11 (3.3%) and 24 (7.1%) of the respondents were allowed to be the first surgeon in more complex proctological diseases such as surgery for rectal prolapse and fecal incontinence. The present survey suggests that, in Italy, most surgeons in training deal with anal diseases. However, only few of them could achieve sufficient professional skills in the management of proctological diseases to be able to practice autonomously as young specialists