Psychometric properties of the problem solving inventory in a Singapore young male adult sample

The Problem Solving Inventory (PSI) is a widely used instrument that measures problem-solving appraisal, which has been associated with suicidal ideation. However, the PSI has yielded different factorial structures in Western and Asian studies. The aimof the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PSI with a Southeast-Asian sample made of 342 young adult males living in Singapore. The participants completed the PSI, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (D-Scale), Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Hope Scale, and Suicidal Ideation Scale. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the data fitted a three factor model (problem-solving efficacy [PSE], rational coping [RC], and dysfunctional coping [DC] factors), supporting previous findings in Asia. Appropriate internal reliability for the total (.83) and the three subscales, .85 (PSE), .72 (RC), and .73 (DC), was found. Convergent validity was shown by significant correlations between problem solving appraisal and depression, interpersonal needs, and hope. Predictive validity was attested with positive correlations between problem solving appraisal and suicidal ideation. Concurrent discrimination was also demonstrated by differences in problem-solving appraisals between groups with low and high depression, interpersonal needs, hope, and suicidal ideation. The findings showed that the PSI with a three factors solution was a valid and reliable scale for use with young male Singaporeans

The risk of allergic reaction to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and recommended evaluation and management: a systematic review, meta-analysis, GRADE assessment, and international consensus approach

Concerns for anaphylaxis may hamper SARS-CoV-2 immunization efforts. We convened a multi-disciplinary group of international experts in anaphylaxis comprised of allergy, infectious disease, emergency medicine, and front-line clinicians to systematically develop recommendations regarding SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immediate allergic reactions. Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, the WHO global coronavirus database, and the grey literature (inception-March 19, 2021) were systematically searched. Paired reviewers independently selected studies addressing anaphylaxis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polysorbate allergy, and accuracy of allergy testing for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine allergy. Random effects models synthesized the data to inform recommendations based on the GRADE approach, agreed upon using a modified Delphi panel. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine anaphylaxis is 7.91 cases/million (n=41,000,000 vaccinations, 95%CI 4.02-15.59; 26 studies, moderate certainty), the prevalence of PEG allergy is 103 cases/million (95%CI 88-120; 2 studies, very low certainty), and the sensitivity for PEG skin testing is poor though specificity is high (15 studies, very low certainty). We recommend vaccination over either no vaccination or performing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine/excipient screening allergy testing for individuals without history of a severe allergic reaction to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine/excipient, and a shared decision-making paradigm in consultation with an allergy specialist for individuals with a history of a severe allergic reaction to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine/excipient. We recommend further research to clarify SARS-CoV-2 vaccine/vaccine excipient testing utility in individuals potentially allergic to SARS-CoV2 vaccines or their excipients