1,891 research outputs found
Indirect Searches of the Degenerate MSSM
A degenerate sfermionic particle spectrum can escape constraints from flavor
physics, and at the same time evade the limits from the direct searches if the
degeneracy extends to the gaugino-higgsino sector. Inspired by this, we
consider a scenario where all the soft terms have an approximately common mass
scale at , with splittings . As a
result, the third generation sfermions have large to maximal (left-right)
mixing, the same being the case with charginos and some sectors of the
neutralino mass matrix. We study this scenario in the light of discovery of the
Higgs boson with mass 125 GeV. We consider constraints from -physics,
the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon and the dark matter relic density. We
find that a supersymmetric spectrum as light as 600 GeV could be consistent
with all current data and also account for the observed anomalous magnetic
moment of the muon within . The neutralino relic density is generally
too small to saturate the measured cold dark matter relic density. Direct
detection limits from XENON100 and LUX put severe constraints on this scenario
which will be conclusively probed by XENONnT experiment.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures; Comments welcom
Fermion Dipole Moments in Supersymmetric Models with Explicitly Broken R-parity
We present a simple analysis that allows us to extract the leading mass
dependence of the dipole moment of matter fermions that might be induced by new
physics. We present explicit results for the supersymmetric model with broken
R-parity as an illustration. We show that the extra contributions to the
electric dipole moment (edm) of fermions from R-parity violating interactions
can occur only at two loop level, contrary to claims in the literature. We
further find that unlike the generic lepto-quark models, the extra
contributions to the dipole moments of the leptons can only be enhanced by
m_b/m_l and not by m_t/m_l relative to the expectations in the Standard Model.
An interesting feature about this enhancement of these dipole moments is that
it does not involve unknown mixing angles. We then use experimental constraints
on the electric dipole moments of electron and neutron to obtain bounds on (the
imaginary part of) products of R-parity violating couplings, and show that
bounds claimed in the literature are too stringent by many orders of magnitude.Comment: 16 pages latex, 7 figure
The Mouse Hindbrain As a Model for Studying Embryonic Neurogenesis
The mouse embryo forebrain is the most commonly employed system for studying mammalian neurogenesis during development. However, the highly folded forebrain neuroepithelium is not amenable to wholemount analysis to examine organ-wide neurogenesis patterns. Moreover, defining the mechanisms of forebrain neurogenesis is not necessarily predictive of neurogenesis in other parts of the brain; for example, due to the presence of forebrain-specific progenitor subtypes. The mouse hindbrain provides an alternative model for studying embryonic neurogenesis that is amenable to wholemount analysis, as well as tissue sections to observe the spatiotemporal distribution and behavior of neural progenitors. Moreover, it is easily dissected for other downstream applications, such as cell isolation or molecular biology analysis. As the mouse hindbrain can be readily analyzed in the vast number of cell lineage reporter and mutant mouse strains that have become available, it offers a powerful model for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of developmental neurogenesis in a mammalian organism. Here, we present a simple and quick method to use the mouse embryo hindbrain for analyzing mammalian neural progenitor cell (NPC) behavior in wholemount preparations and tissue sections
Cross-talk between blood vessels and neural progenitors in the developing brain
The formation of the central nervous system (CNS) involves multiple cellular and molecular interactions between neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and blood vessels to establish extensive and complex neural networks and attract a vascular supply that support their function. In this review, we discuss studies that have performed genetic manipulations of chick, fish and mouse embryos to define the spatiotemporal roles of molecules that mediate the reciprocal regulation of NPCs and blood vessels. These experiments have highlighted core functions of NPC-expressed ligands in initiating vascular growth into and within the neural tube as well as establishing the blood-brain barrier. More recent findings have also revealed indispensable roles of blood vessels in regulating NPC expansion and eventual differentiation, and specific regional differences in the effect of angiocrine signals. Accordingly, NPCs initially stimulate blood vessel growth and maturation to nourish the brain, but blood vessels subsequently also regulate NPC behaviour to promote the formation of a sufficient number and diversity of neural cells. A greater understanding of the molecular cross-talk between NPCs and blood vessels will improve our knowledge of how the vertebrate nervous system forms and likely help in the design of novel therapies aimed at regenerating neurons and neural vasculature following CNS disease or injury
Probing SUSY beyond the reach of LEP2 at the Fermilab Tevatron: low |M_3| dark matter models
In supersymmetric models where the magnitude of the GUT scale gaugino mass
parameter M_3 is suppressed relative to M_1 and M_2, the lightest neutralino
can be a mixed higgsino-bino state with a thermal relic abundance in agreement
with the WMAP central value for \Omega_{\rm CDM} h^2 and consistent with all
other phenomenological constraints. In these models, the gluino can be as light
as 200 GeV without conflicting with the LEP2 bounds on the chargino mass. Thus,
gluino pair production can be accessible at the Fermilab Tevatron at high
rates. In this framework, gluinos decay radiatively with a large branching
fraction to a gluon plus a neutralino. We find that experiments at the Fermilab
Tevatron, with 5 fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity, will be sensitive to gluino
pair production in the m_{\tg}\sim 200-350 GeV range via the multi-jet
+etmissing and multi-jet +\ell^+\ell^- + etmissing channels at the 5\sigma
level, while trilepton signatures are expected to be below this level of
detectability. Dilepton mass edges from both \tz_2 and \tz_3 decays may be
measurable in the dilepton + multi-jet +etmissing channel.Comment: 14 pages including 6 EPS figure
A scalable system for microcalcification cluster automated detection in a distributed mammographic database
A computer-aided detection (CADe) system for microcalcification cluster
identification in mammograms has been developed in the framework of the
EU-founded MammoGrid project. The CADe software is mainly based on wavelet
transforms and artificial neural networks. It is able to identify
microcalcifications in different datasets of mammograms (i.e. acquired with
different machines and settings, digitized with different pitch and bit depth
or direct digital ones). The CADe can be remotely run from GRID-connected
acquisition and annotation stations, supporting clinicians from geographically
distant locations in the interpretation of mammographic data. We report and
discuss the system performances on different datasets of mammograms and the
status of the GRID-enabled CADe analysis.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures; Proceedings of the IEEE NNS and MIC Conference,
October 23-29, 2005, Puerto Ric
Addressing \mu-b_\mu and proton lifetime problems and active neutrino masses in a U(1)^\prime-extended supergravity model
We present a locally supersymmetric extension of the minimal supersymmetric
Standard Model (MSSM) based on the gauge group where, except for the supersymmetry breaking scale
which is fixed to be GeV, we require that all non-Standard-Model
parameters allowed by the {\it local} spacetime and gauge symmetries assume
their natural values. The symmetry, which is spontaneously broken
at the intermediate scale, serves to ({\it i}) explain the weak scale
magnitudes of and terms, ({\it ii}) ensure that dimension-3 and
dimension-4 baryon-number-violating superpotential operators are forbidden,
solving the proton-lifetime problem, ({\it iii}) predict {\it bilinear lepton
number violation} in the superpotential at just the right level to accommodate
the observed mass and mixing pattern of active neutrinos (leading to a novel
connection between the SUSY breaking scale and neutrino masses), while
corresponding trilinear operators are strongly supppressed. The phenomenology
is like that of the MSSM with bilinear R-parity violation, were the would-be
lightest supersymmetric particle decays leptonically with a lifetime of s. Theoretical consistency of our model requires the
existence of multi-TeV, stable, colour-triplet, weak-isosinglet scalars or
fermions, with either conventional or exotic electric charge which should be
readily detectable if they are within the kinematic reach of a hadron collider.
Null results of searches for heavy exotic isotopes implies that the re-heating
temperature of our Universe must have been below their mass scale which, in
turn, suggests that sphalerons play a key role for baryogensis. Finally, the
dark matter cannot be the weakly interacting neutralino.Comment: 33 pages, 2 figures, Discussion on proton decay and radiative
neutrino masses augmented, and references adde
Sentencing and plea bargaining : guilty pleas versus trial verdicts
In the daily work of the criminal justice process, the relationship between plea decision-making and sentencing is one of the most important. Meanwhile, in the academic and policy literatures it is one of the most controversial. This essay examines the moral arguments for and against the practice of altering a sentence as a consequence of a plea of “not guilty” or “guilty”. It also appraises the state of international empirical knowledge about the practice and raises questions for future research. It is widely believed that a defendant who pleads guilty is likely to receive a reduced sentence if s/he pleads ‘guilty’ than if s/he is found guilty, as a result of a trial, of exactly the same charges. Various terms are used to describe this practice (e.g. “Sentence Reduction”, “Guilty Plea Discount”, “Sentence Deduction”, “allowance in respect of a guilty plea”, “Trial Penalty”, et cetera.). However, as discussed below, these terms are value laden and imply different normative positions. Thus, in the interests of neutrality, this essay will generally use the term “Plea-Dependent Sentence Differential” (or “Sentence Differential” for short). The foundation for the Sentence Differential varies depending on the jurisdiction. In some jurisdictions statue or case law may permit, or even require, a Sentence Differential. In others the basis of the Sentence Differential is found in guideline schemes. In certain jurisdictions the Sentence Differential may have little formal basis and is routed in the informal practices of sentencers. However, regardless of its basis, in most criminal justice systems there is a widely held perception that there is a Sentence Differential. This essay will provide an overview of the main issues and debates resulting from the Sentence Differential. In doing so, it also raises some provocative questions and suggestions for future research, not least the pressing need for a fuller appreciation of defendants’ perspectives and decision-making
Process Capability Database Usage In Industry: Myth vs. Reality
Process capability data (PCD) is needed for robust design, optimal tolerance allocation, and variation
simulation analysis. Process capability databases (PCDBs) have been developed in many industries and are
being used by the manufacturing community to monitor quality; however, they are not being effectively
utilized by design. When the PCDBs1 were developed, the intent was for design to use PCD for
optimization and product cost minimization, but this ideal situation has not been realized.
A survey of a variety of design and manufacturing companies was circulated to determine both the state-ofthe-
art in PCDBs and the barriers preventing design from fully utilizing PCD. Two key barriers were
identified for internal PCDBs: lack of a company-wide vision for PCD usage and poor communication
between manufacturing and design. Supplier PCDBs have the additional barriers of lack of trust between
suppliers and customers and time lag for data entry. Management support, training, database population,
and common systems were identified as potential solutions to the identified barriers
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