Relationship of psychological factors with physical activity stage of change in prime-and middle-aged Japanese

The present study aimed to investigate the status of physical activity and the differences in psychological factors associated with physical activity from the perspective of transtheoretical model stages between prime- and middle-aged Japanese. The study involved 375 prime-aged volunteers (175 men, 200 women) and 557 middle-aged volunteers (247 men, 310 women) living in Kuse, a town in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. We found that the prime-aged men at the preparation stage had significantly higher self-efficacy scores than at the contemplation stage (p&#60;0.01). Middle-aged men had significantly higher self-efficacy scores at the contemplation stage than at the precontemplation stage (p&#60;0.001). Middle-aged women, meanwhile, had significantly higher self-efficacy scores at the maintenance stage than at the action stage (p&#60;0.01), and at the contemplation stage than at the precontemplation stage (p&#60;0.001). The present findings provide valuable information about the differences in psychological factors affecting physical activity between prime-aged and middle-aged community-dwelling Japanese. This information may be useful to health professionals as they develop effective community-based intervention programs for target populations.</p

Stimulation of ultraviolet-induced apoptosis of human fibroblast UVr-1 cells by tyrosine kinase inhibitors

AbstractDamnacanthal is an anthraquinone compound isolated from the root of Morinda citrifolia and was reported to have a potent inhibitory activity towards tyrosine kinases such as Lck, Src, Lyn and EGF receptor. In the present study, we have examined the effects of damnacanthal on ultraviolet ray-induced apoptosis in ultraviolet-resistant human UVr-1 cells. When the cells were treated with damnacanthal prior to ultraviolet irradiation, DNA fragmentation was more pronounced as compared to the case of ultraviolet irradiation alone. The other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, herbimycin A and genistein, also caused similar effects on ultraviolet-induced apoptosis but to a lesser extent. Serine/threonine kinase inhibitors, K252a, staurosporine and GF109203X, rather suppressed the ultraviolet-induced DNA cleavage. Immunoblot analysis showed that pretreatment with damnacanthal followed by ultraviolet irradiation increased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases and stress-activated protein kinases. However, the other tyrosine kinase inhibitors did not increase the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases but stimulated phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinases. Consequently, the ultraviolet-induced concurrent increase in both phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases and stress-activated protein kinases after pretreatment with damnacanthal might be characteristically related to the stimulatory effect of damnacanthal on ultraviolet-induced apoptosis

選択的セロトニン再取り込み阻害薬とセロトニン4受容体作動薬の直腸吻合部におけるインビボ神経再建に与える効果の比較

It was recently reported that activation of enteric neural 5-HT(4) receptors (SR4) promotes reconstruction of enteric neural circuit injury in distal gut of guinea pigs and that this reconstruction involves neural stem cells. We aimed to explore a novel approach using a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), which increases endogenous 5-HT, to repair enteric nerve fiber injury in the rat distal gut. Enteric nerve fiber injury was performed by rectal transection and subsequent end-to-end one-layer anastomosis. The SSRI fluvoxamine maleate (100 μmol/l) was applied locally at the anastomotic site to compare with the 5-HT(4) agonist mosapride citrate (100 μmol/l) (applied for patent) applied locally and orally. Unlike mosapride, fluvoxamine failed to promote the regeneration of the nerve fiber tract across the anastomosis. Furthermore, fluvoxamine did not generate anti-distal-less homeobox 2 (DLX2)- and anti-SR4-positive cells (neural stem cells) and/or anti-neurofilament (NF)-positive cells (neural cells) in newly formed granulation tissue at the anastomosis, whereas these cell types were observed in mosapride-treated preparations. In contrast to its effects in guinea pigs, mosapride generated 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive neural cells in ganglia sites 3 mm oral and anal from the anastomosis 2 wk after nerve fiber injury. All actions of mosapride were observed after local and or oral applications. These findings indicate that local SSRI treatment does not induce in vivo nerve fiber tract growth across the anastomosis in the rat distal gut. Mosapride induces nerve fiber tract growth across the anastomosis, mediated through enteric neural stem cells possibly from neural crest-derived stem cells or mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow.博士（医学）・甲616号・平成26年3月17日発行元の規定により、本文の登録不可。本文は以下のURLを参照 "http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00284.2011

1980年の日本-タイ-東南アジア漁業開発センタ-によるタイ湾の共同調査報告

Fishery-oceanographic survey of the Gulf of Thailand were jointly carried out by Nagasaki University, Thai and SEAFDEC scientists using T/V Nagasaki-maru from 15 to 28 May, 1980. 1) Geometric and vertical distributions of depth-anomaly of sea water were obtained from records of STD system. High salinity warm water was found in the northern area of the Gulf and rather cool water in the south. Remarkable density gradient was commonly observed in the middle layer throughout the Gulf. 2) Experimental bottom trawl operations were made at 18 stations. The total catch amounted to 592kg, with a catch per hour of 53kg. The catch consisted of more than 60 fish species of 27 families, 9 mollusk species of 3 families and some crustacean, of which most important were carangids, lutjanids and nemipterids of fishes and loliginids of mollusks. Size composition of each major fishes and mollusks seemed to consist of some groups of 2 to 6 normal distributions. The squid, Loligo formosana in the northern waters are bigger by 30mm in the mantle length and 50g in weight than those in the south. 3) Gravity core and Smith-McIntyre samples revealed that the bottom of the most parts of the Gulf was covered by grayish calcareous sandy mud or muddy sand tens of centimeters thick, while the central part was covered with only 1～2cm thick reddish brown mud suspectedly flowed out from the land of Malay Peninsula. The underlying layer throughout the Gulf consisted of grayish calcareous silty clay. 4) The remarkable ruggedness like square waves on the bottom profile were often observed by an echo sounder on the slope around the central basin of the Gulf. The rugged bottom area seems to be unsuitable for trawl net operation.タイ湾の漁業開発についての基礎資料を得るために,1980年5月15～28日に,同湾で日本・タイおよび東南アジア漁業開発センターの研究者が共同で,本学部練習船長崎丸を用いて海洋およびトロール漁業調査を行なった.得られた調査結果は次の通りである. 1)STDの記録から水温,塩分の垂直および水平分布を求めた.これらより,タイ湾北部には,比較的高温で高塩分の水域があり,一方,湾南部には比較的低温で高塩分の水域が認められた.また,湾全般について,中層部に密度躍層がみられた. 2)底曳トロール網の試験操業では,その漁獲物をまず有用種と雑用種とにわけた.次いで,前者を魚類,イカ・タコ類およびエビ・カニ類にわけて,一回の曳網ごとに,それぞれの漁獲量を計測した.全漁獲物については,魚類は27科60種,イカ・タコ類は3科9種,エビ・カニ類は数種であった.有用種については,魚類はアジ類・イトヨリ類・フエダイ類,イカ・タコ類はジンドウイカ類が主であった.全漁獲量は592Kgであり,曳網1時間あたりの漁獲量は53Kgであった.有用種の主なるものについて,その体長組成を調べた結果では,それぞれの種類で2～6の体長の正規分布を示すいくつかの集団よりなることが推察された.なお,ジンドウイカ類の重要種Loligo formosanaでは,北部海域のものは南部海域のものと比べて,外套長の平均で約30mm,体重の平均で約50g大きかった. 3)重力コアとスミスーマッキンタイヤ採泥器で得られた海底堆積物についての分析を行なった.その結果から,当湾の中央部の海底表層には赤茶色の泥が1～2cmの厚さに積っていた.また,その他の湾全般の海底表層には,灰色がかった石灰質の砂泥が約10cmの厚さに堆積しており,その下層には,黒味を帯び,かなり固まった粘土層があった. 4)音響測深機の記録によると,当湾の中央部にある海盆の周辺には,顕著な起伏のある傾斜面がみられる.このような海底の状況を示す水域は,底曳トロール網の操業には適しないと思われる

シャム湾におけるカジキ延縄試験操業結果

In four-days experimental long line operations near Samui island in the Gulf of Thailand in November 1982, black marlin was caught at a rate of 1.03 fish per 100 hooks. While the catch fluctuated by operations from 0.16 to 2.15 fish per 100 hooks, the differences in hooking rate between either hooks put on two kinds of baits (local pelagic fishes vs saury from Japan) or hooks suspended at different depths (20～40 m vs 40～70 m) were not significant. The fish caught were all small-sized, from 129 cm FL and 14.0 kg BW to 198 cm FL and 62.5 kg BW. Body weight (kg) related to fork length (cm) as BW=6.808 FL²·⁹⁸ 10-⁶ with both sexes combined. The sex ratio was much biassed in favor of male (4.75). Although gonads of almost all the males and females were smaller than 495 g, one female of 198 cm FL had a large ovary of 4,680 g. Half of the fish caught had in their stomach some food consisting mainly of pelagic fishes.1982年11月にシャム湾のサムイ島東方水域において,4日間にわたりカジキ延縄の試験操業をおこない,26尾のシロカワカジキを捕獲した。鈎百本当りの釣獲率は日により0.16～2.15尾の間で変動し,4日間を通じて平均1.03尾であった。餌の種類(現地購入のイワシ類とアジ類,および日本から運んだ冷凍サンマ),または鈎の垂下層(20～40m層と40～70m層)による釣獲率には有意な差はみられなかった。漁獲魚はすべて小型魚で,尾又長129cm,体重14.0kgから尾又長198cm,体重62.5kgの範囲であった。最大の個体は雌で,重量4,680gの卵巣をもっていた

Assessment of Olfactory Nerve by SPECT-MRI Image with Nasal Thallium-201 Administration in Patients with Olfactory Impairments in Comparison to Healthy Volunteers

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess whether migration of thallium-201 (201Tl) to the olfactory bulb were reduced in patients with olfactory impairments in comparison to healthy volunteers after nasal administration of 201Tl. Procedures: 10 healthy volunteers and 21 patients enrolled in the study (19 males and 12 females; 26-71 years old). The causes of olfactory dysfunction in the patients were head trauma (n = 7), upper respiratory tract infection (n = 7), and chronic rhinosinusitis (n = 7). 201TlCl was administered unilaterally to the olfactory cleft, and SPECT-CT was conducted 24 h later. Separate MRI images were merged with the SPECT images. 201Tl olfactory migration was also correlated with the volume of the olfactory bulb determined from MRI images, as well as with odor recognition thresholds measured by using T&T olfactometry. Results: Nasal201Tl migration to the olfactory bulb was significantly lower in the olfactory-impaired patients than in healthy volunteers. The migration of 201Tl to the olfactory bulb was significantly correlated with odor recognition thresholds obtained with T&T olfactometry and correlated with the volume of the olfactory bulb determined from MRI images when all subjects were included. Conclusions: Assessment of the 201Tl migration to the olfactory bulb was the new method for the evaluation of the olfactory nerve connectivity in patients with impaired olfaction. © 2013 Shiga et al