On the Yielding of Twist Steel Bar

The yielding of steel proceeds in successive appearance of flow layers. Having been taken account of it, the yielding phenomena of bending steel bar has been fully explained by the authors. In the present paper the yielding phenomena of twist steel bar is discussed as an another example of yielding of steel under uneven distribution of stress. In the first part are exhibited the results of measuring the stress existing in a yielding bar subjected to pure torsion. It leads to the conclusion that the twisted bar yields by the same mechanism as that of the yielding of bent steel beam. Then the problems of elasto-plastic torsion may generally be treated analytically in the same fashion as in the case of bending

Effect of Free Surface on the Yielding Resistance of Materials

In the present paper the authors pointed out the necessity of seeing the metals as the inherent figure, an aggregation of crystal grains, when they are deformed plastically. Although other factors affecting the yielding resistance of polycrystalline metals, it may be considered the mutual restriction is here thought to play an important role. As, at present, no theory is found connecting yielding resistance of single crystals to that of polycrystalline metals, the authors' view discussed would be recommended, untill a far better theory is developed

The Investigation on the “X-ray Stress Measurement”

To measure the stress by X-ray was proposed in 1930 by G. Sachs and J. Weerts in the case ~f duralumin. Since, in 1935, R. Glocker ascertained the fact that the surface stress is perfectly measurable by means of X-ray, it interested researchers of stress problems and achieved far greater development especially in our country and Germany. “X-ray stress measurement” is excellent in the following points : 1) not only the stress of a test piece but also of machine parts can be measured directly without any additional or harmful working for objects. 2) local stress of objects is more clearly demonstrated as compared with any other method hitherto tried. We personnel performed laboratory experiments using the principle of “X-ray stress measurement”. and examined the results. Moreover, we have designed and produced an “X-ray stress measuring instrument”, which is very convenient for actual use in applying the method beyond the laboratory, and ascertained the possibility of the shop-measurement

On the Yielding of Steel Under Bending Moment

It is an important problem to know how high rises the so-called yield point under uneven distribution of stress. Much efforts made in this field is found in the papers hitherto reported. Among which, F. Nakanishi's theory concerning the yield point of mild steel under bending moment is noted. This is, however, not adequate for explaining the elasto-plastic bending of ordinary carbon steel except of mild steel. Therefore it encountered serious opposition of recent investigators such as German researchers and authors as well, who performed experiments by means of X-ray stress measurement. This report is made on the recent experimental results of the measured stress existing on a yielding bar under bending moment. Basing on the experimental results the authors' opinion is proposed concerning the mechanism in yielding phenomena of bending a steel bar. The theoretical treatment of yielding mechanism is then explained with correlation between the theoretical and the experimental relation of moment and deflection

Weakly balanced multi-branching AND-OR trees: Reconstruction of the omitted part of Saks-Wigderson (1986) (Theory and Applications of Proof and Computation)

We investigate variants of the Nash equilibrium for query complexity of Boolean functions. We reconstruct some omitted proofs and definitions in the paper of Saks and Wigderson (1986). In particular, by extending observation by Arimoto (2020), we introduce concepts of “weakly balanced multi-branching tree” as modified versions of “nearly balanced tree” of Saks and Wigderson, and we show recurrence formulas of randomized complexity for weakly balanced multi-branching trees

Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Foamy Histiocyte-Like Appearance: A Deceptively Clear Cell Carcinoma Appearing Variant

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows many pathological features, and it varies architecturally and cytologically. There have been many reports and discussions of the morphological features of HCC. A 63-year-old man was found to have a solitary tumor in liver segment 7 that was diagnosed as HCC. A partial resection of liver segment 7 was performed. Microscopically, the tumor lesion showed a moderately differentiated HCC. There was also a lesion with foamy histiocyte-like cells corresponding to the white lesion in the face of the cut tumor. Immunohistochemical staining showed that they were negative for CD68, S-100, vimentin, and HMB-45. The cytoplasm itself was negative on periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and Sudan staining. Without immunohistological analysis, it is difficult to distinguish this HCC variant from clear cell carcinoma or metastases of renal cell carcinoma. It is important to recognize this type as a specific cytological variant of HCC that requires confirmation by immunohistochemistry. This report describes the case of a patient with a morphologically distinctive pattern of HCC with prominent cell cytoplasm that had a foamy histiocyte-like appearance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this HCC variant

Alteration of intestinal flora by the intake of enzymatic degradation products of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) with improvement of skin condition

AbstractAdlay has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine and nutrient for its beneficial effects on bowel movements and skin care. This study examined the effect of enzymatic degradation product of adlay, “Super Hatomugi” (SPH) on human skin and the intestinal flora in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. The subjects were divided into three groups: 500mg SPH, 1000mg SPH, and placebo, taken daily for 4weeks. Hematological and skin condition examinations as well as an analysis of intestinal flora were performed 2weeks before and 10weeks after the start of the SPH intake. Skin condition was improved by SPH intake as revealed by a reduction in the number of nucleated epidermal cells. In addition, an increase in the fecal population of Bacteroidetes followed the SPH intake. These results show the possibility that SPH improves the skin condition and changes the proportions of intestinal flora

Kheper, a Novel ZFH/δEF1 Family Member, Regulates the Development of the Neuroectoderm of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

AbstractKheper is a novel member of the ZFH (zinc-finger and homeodomain protein)/δEF1 family in zebrafish. kheper transcripts are first detected in the epiblast of the dorsal blastoderm margin at the early gastrula stage and kheper is expressed in nearly all the neuroectoderm at later stages. kheper expression was expanded in noggin RNA-injected embryos and also in swirl mutant embryos and was reduced in bmp4 RNA-injected embryos and chordino mutant embryos, suggesting that kheper acts downstream of the neural inducers Noggin and Chordino. Overexpression of Kheper elicited ectopic expansion of the neuroectoderm-specific genes fkd3, hoxa-1, and eng3, and the ectopic expression of hoxa-1 was not inhibited by BMP4 overexpression. Kheper interacted with the transcriptional corepressors CtBP1 and CtBP2. Overexpression of a Kheper mutant lacking the homeodomain or of a VP16–Kheper fusion protein disturbed the development of the neuroectoderm and head structures. These data underscore the role of Kheper in the development of the neuroectoderm and indicate that Kheper acts as a transcriptional repressor