The gospel of regeneration and sanctification : the heritage of the Korea Holiness Church

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Costs of infrastructure deficiencies in manufacturing in Indonesia, Nigeria, and Thailand

Using fresh results from a sample survey of manufacturing establishments in Indonesia and Thailand, the authors contrast and compare with data from an earlier study on Nigeria. They compare especially: the extent and incidence of public infrastructure deficiencies; the extent of manufacturers'private provision of infrastructure in response to such deficiencies; the capital shares of various private infrastructure investments, including electric power, water, telecommunications, transport, and waste disposal; and the firms'costs for producing their own electricity and water. The extent of public infrastructure deficiencies and private provision of infrastructure services varies across countries and by firm size. The total share of capital investment in private infrastructure was similar among Nigerian and Indonesian firms (14 - 16 percent) which is twice that in Thai firms. The private costs of infrastructure deficiencies are substantial and the burdens are much greater on small firms than on large firms.Public Sector Economics&Finance,Decentralization,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Water and Industry,Environmental Economics&Policies,Agricultural Research,Urban Services to the Poor,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Banks&Banking Reform

Static and dynamic synthesis of partitioned substructures

Substructuring is to subdivide an overall structure into two or more substructures to reduce the model-order of the huge structural system. The problem to synthesize the substructures is established by a mathematical system consisting of equilibrium equations and prescribed compatibility conditions. Considering that the compatibility conditions are constraints, this study derives the analytical methods for describing the responses of constrained static and dynamic systems and provides a structural synthesis method based on the Guyan condensation method and the derived equations. The analysis process is carried out by partitioning into two regions of interior and boundary regions, and giving the compatibility conditions. And the dynamic analysis reduces model-order based on the constraint conditions between modal coordinates by the first several mode shape matrix. The validity of the proposed method is illustrated through the structural synthesis of stable and unstable substructures, and the structural reanalysis to evaluate the structural response for changes in the design without solving the complete set of modified simultaneous equation

Crystal Structure of the Mercury(II) Cryptate [Hg(cryptand 222)][{Hg(SCN)3}2] Containing a Tri(thiocyanato)mercurate(II) Anion with a Chain Structure

The reaction of [2.2.2]cryptand, 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo- [8 .8 .8 ]hexacosane, with mercuric thiocyanate yields crystals of [Hg(cryptand 222 )][{Hg(SCN )3 }2]. The compound crystallizes monoclinically, space group C2/c, Z = 4, a = 2478.3(12), b = 1540.4(4), c = 1049.4(3) pm, β = 108.77(3)°. In the cation the mercury atom is 8 -coordinated by six oxygen and two nitrogen atoms with distances Hg -N 220(2) pm and Hg -O 268.8(9) pm (mean value). The polymeric anion consists of infinite chains -Hg -SCN -Hg - with bond distances Hg-S 254.2(4) and Hg-N 257(2) pm. Each Hg atom carries two additional terminal SCN ligands, with a mean Hg-S distance o f 244( 1) pm; the distance from Hg to the N atom of an SCN ligand of a neighbouring Hg atom is 300(2) pm, probably indicating an additional, although weak bonding

FRF based substructuring and decoupling of substructures

This study considers FRF (frequency response function) based substructuring and decoupling of substructures for the dynamic analysis of complicated huge structures utilizing compatibility conditions between adjacent substructures. This work includes: 1) the derivation of updated FRF matrix for dynamic system subjected to frequency or time dependent constraints in the frequency-domain, 2) the synthesis and decoupling of subsystems based on the dual domain approach using compatibility conditions between adjacent subsystems, 3) the evaluation of the validity of the proposed methods through numerical applications. It is expected that the proposed methods will be utilized as the basic formulation in investigating the dynamic characteristics of partitioned or synthesized system

Damage detection of beam structure using response data measured by strain gages

The health state of a structural beam as a flexural member can be evaluated by the curvature or flexural strain. Measured strain data provide more accurate flexural characteristics than the curvature approximation by the central difference method from the displacement mode shape and DFRFs (displacement frequency response functions). The strain sensor may be sensitive to local damage when analyzing the flexural response. This work presents a method to detect damage utilizing only the measured strain data collected from a damage-expected beam structure without intact baseline data. The static method from the measurement strain data and the dynamic method from measured SFRFs (strain frequency response functions) are introduced. It can be observed that damage exists in the region, which represents an abrupt change in the strain response. The validity of the method is illustrated by numerical and experimental applications

Crystal Structures of the “Supram olecular” 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Mercury(II) Complexes [Hg(dabco)I2] and [Hg(dabco)(SCN)2]

Reactions of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (“dabco”) with K2[HgI4] or Hg(SCN)2 yield crystals of [Hg(dabco)I2] (1) and [Hg(dabco)(SCN)2] (2). 1 crystallizes monoclinically, space group P21/a. Z = 4, a = 1211.6(5), b = 682.3(6), c = 1430.4(3) pm, β = 98.90(5)°; 2 is orthorhombic, space group Pmmn, Z = 2, a - 740.5(3), b = 609.1(4), c = 1220.0(8) pm. In 1 HgI2 groups are connected by bridging dabco molecules to give a chain structure. The Hg atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated. In 2 the Hg atoms are bridged by two SCN ligands and the chains thus formed are again interconnected by bridging dabco molecules, whereby layers are formed. The coordination polyhedron for the Hg atoms is a distorted octahedron