1,435 research outputs found
JKarelRobot: A Case Study in Supporting Levels of Cognitive Development in the Computer Science Curriculum
We introduce a new software tool, JKarelRobot, for supporting an Inside/Out pedagogy in introductory programming courses. Extending the original conception of Karel the Robot , with Bloom\u27s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives as a guiding principle, we have provided a mechanism for designing exercises that are cognitively appropriate to the developmental levels of our students. JKarelRobot is platform independent (written in Java) and language/paradigm independent, supporting Pascal, Java, and Lisp style environments
The genealogy of judgement: towards a deep history of academic freedom
The classical conception of academic freedom associated with Wilhelm von Humboldt and the rise of the modern university has a quite specific cultural foundation that centres on the controversial mental faculty of 'judgement'. This article traces the roots of 'judgement' back to the Protestant Reformation, through its heyday as the signature feature of German idealism, and to its gradual loss of salience as both a philosophical and a psychological concept. This trajectory has been accompanied by a general shrinking in the scope of academic freedom from the promulgation of world-views to the offering of expert opinion
Children's understanding of inherited resemblance: The case of two parents. [IF 1.0]
Four-, 6-, and 10-year-old children were tested in a forced-choice procedure about their beliefs on the inheritance of physical characteristics. They were presented with pictures of two biological parents, and then asked to select the most likely descendant out of three alternatives: a father look-alike, a mother look-alike, and an alternative representing the combined influence of both parents. In several question pairs, additional information was given about the parent-child relationship that was clearly irrelevant to the principles of heredity to examine the extent to which domain confusions were likely to occur. The majority of the 10-year-olds consistently preferred the alternative in which the combined influence of both parents was shown and domain confusions hardly ever occurred. Four- and 6-year-olds, in contrast, were still influenced by information from alien domains, although even their reasoning about inheritance seemed to be theory-like. Overall, the results suggest that with age, children develop a more restricted and better-defined conception of the principles of heredity, in which the combined influence of both parents is acknowledged
Einstein's quantum theory of the monatomic ideal gas: non-statistical arguments for a new statistics
In this article, we analyze the third of three papers, in which Einstein
presented his quantum theory of the ideal gas of 1924-1925. Although it failed
to attract the attention of Einstein's contemporaries and although also today
very few commentators refer to it, we argue for its significance in the context
of Einstein's quantum researches. It contains an attempt to extend and exhaust
the characterization of the monatomic ideal gas without appealing to
combinatorics. Its ambiguities illustrate Einstein's confusion with his initial
success in extending Bose's results and in realizing the consequences of what
later became to be called Bose-Einstein statistics. We discuss Einstein's
motivation for writing a non-combinatorial paper, partly in response to
criticism by his friend Ehrenfest, and we paraphrase its content. Its arguments
are based on Einstein's belief in the complete analogy between the
thermodynamics of light quanta and of material particles and invoke
considerations of adiabatic transformations as well as of dimensional analysis.
These techniques were well-known to Einstein from earlier work on Wien's
displacement law, Planck's radiation theory, and the specific heat of solids.
We also investigate the possible role of Ehrenfest in the gestation of the
theory.Comment: 57 pp
Enfrentamento de problemas conceituais e de planejamento ao final da formação inicial
More is the Same; Phase Transitions and Mean Field Theories
This paper looks at the early theory of phase transitions. It considers a
group of related concepts derived from condensed matter and statistical
physics. The key technical ideas here go under the names of "singularity",
"order parameter", "mean field theory", and "variational method".
In a less technical vein, the question here is how can matter, ordinary
matter, support a diversity of forms. We see this diversity each time we
observe ice in contact with liquid water or see water vapor, "steam", come up
from a pot of heated water. Different phases can be qualitatively different in
that walking on ice is well within human capacity, but walking on liquid water
is proverbially forbidden to ordinary humans. These differences have been
apparent to humankind for millennia, but only brought within the domain of
scientific understanding since the 1880s.
A phase transition is a change from one behavior to another. A first order
phase transition involves a discontinuous jump in a some statistical variable
of the system. The discontinuous property is called the order parameter. Each
phase transitions has its own order parameter that range over a tremendous
variety of physical properties. These properties include the density of a
liquid gas transition, the magnetization in a ferromagnet, the size of a
connected cluster in a percolation transition, and a condensate wave function
in a superfluid or superconductor. A continuous transition occurs when that
jump approaches zero. This note is about statistical mechanics and the
development of mean field theory as a basis for a partial understanding of this
phenomenon.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figure
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