Acute kidney injury as a consequence of the use of anesthesia during surgery: causes and approaches to reducing the risk of

The article reveals the causes and approaches to reducing the risk of acute kidney injury that occurs as a result of surgical intervention. The authors note that this problem is extremely urgent, since the effect of anesthesia on acute kidney injury may depend on various factors, including the type of anesthesia, the duration of surgery, the patient’s condition and the anesthetics used. Some anesthetics and agents used during general anesthesia can cause hypotension (lowering of blood pressure). This can lead to a decrease in blood flow in the kidneys and deterioration of their function. It is important to keep blood pressure at an optimal level during surgery to minimize the risk of kidney damage. Patients with pre-existing kidney problems may be more susceptible to the negative effects of anesthesia. The anesthesiologist should assess the condition of the kidneys before surgery and choose the anesthetics and methods that are least likely to cause additional damage. The effect of anesthesia on acute kidney injury can be complex and depends on many factors. It is important that the anesthesiologist and the surgeon work together to minimize risks to the kidneys and ensure safe operation in patients with acute kidney injury

Quantum Dot in the Kondo Regime coupled to p-wave superconductors

This paper studies the physics of junctions containing superconducting $(S)$ and normal $(N)$ leads weakly coupled to an Anderson impurity in the Kondo regime $(K)$. Special attention is devoted to the case where one of the leads is a $p-wave$ superconductor where mid-gap surface states play an important role in the tunneling processes and help the formation of Kondo resonance. The novel physics in these systems beyond that encountered in quantum dots coupled only to to normal leads is that electron transport at finite bias $eV$ in $SKN$ and $SKS$ junctions is governed by Andreev reflections. These enable the occurrence of dissipative current even when the bias $eV$ is smaller than the superconducting gap $\Delta$. Using the slave boson mean field approximation the current, shot-noise power and Fano factor are calculated as functions of the applied bias voltage in the sub-gap region $eV < \Delta$ and found to be strongly dependent on the ratio $t_K$ between the Kondo temperature $T_{K}$ and the superconducting gap $\Delta$. In particular, for large values of $t_K$ the attenuation of current due to the existence of the superconducting gap is compensated by the Kondo effect. This scenario is manifested also in the behavior of the Josephson current as function of temperature.Comment: 7 pages, 5 .eps figure

Acute kidney injury as a consequence of the use of anesthesia during surgery: causes and approaches to reducing the risk of

The article reveals the causes and approaches to reducing the risk of acute kidney injury that occurs as a result of surgical intervention. The authors note that this problem is extremely urgent, since the effect of anesthesia on acute kidney injury may depend on various factors, including the type of anesthesia, the duration of surgery, the patient’s condition and the anesthetics used. Some anesthetics and agents used during general anesthesia can cause hypotension (lowering of blood pressure). This can lead to a decrease in blood flow in the kidneys and deterioration of their function. It is important to keep blood pressure at an optimal level during surgery to minimize the risk of kidney damage. Patients with pre-existing kidney problems may be more susceptible to the negative effects of anesthesia. The anesthesiologist should assess the condition of the kidneys before surgery and choose the anesthetics and methods that are least likely to cause additional damage. The effect of anesthesia on acute kidney injury can be complex and depends on many factors. It is important that the anesthesiologist and the surgeon work together to minimize risks to the kidneys and ensure safe operation in patients with acute kidney injury