The coral fauna of the Midway Eocene of Texas

The coral fauna of the Midway Eocene of Texas includes thirteen separate species and varieties. Only two of the species, each represented in a single locality by a single specimen, belong to the colonial types. The remaining eleven species, containing probably 95 per cent of the specimens, are all of solitary forms. Evidently the Texas Midway seas did not afford conditions favorable to the growth of reef-building corals

The coral fauna of the Midway Eocene of Texas

The coral fauna of the Midway Eocene of Texas includes thirteen separate species and varieties. Only two of the species, each represented in a single locality by a single specimen, belong to the colonial types. The remaining eleven species, containing probably 95 per cent of the specimens, are all of solitary forms. Evidently the Texas Midway seas did not afford conditions favorable to the growth of reef-building corals

Targeted gene sanger sequencing should remain the first-tier genetic test for children suspected to have the five common X-linked inborn errors of immunity

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.To address inborn errors of immunity (IEI) which were underdiagnosed in resource-limited regions, our centre developed and offered free genetic testing for the most common IEI by Sanger sequencing (SS) since 2001. With the establishment of The Asian Primary Immunodeficiency (APID) Network in 2009, the awareness and definitive diagnosis of IEI were further improved with collaboration among centres caring for IEI patients from East and Southeast Asia. We also started to use whole exome sequencing (WES) for undiagnosed cases and further extended our collaboration with centres from South Asia and Africa. With the increased use of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), we have shifted our diagnostic practice from SS to WES. However, SS was still one of the key diagnostic tools for IEI for the past two decades. Our centre has performed 2,024 IEI SS genetic tests, with in-house protocol designed specifically for 84 genes, in 1,376 patients with 744 identified to have disease-causing mutations (54.1%). The high diagnostic rate after just one round of targeted gene SS for each of the 5 common IEI (X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) 77.4%, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) 69.2%, X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (XCGD) 59.5%, X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) 51.1%, and X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGM1) 58.1%) demonstrated targeted gene SS should remain the first-tier genetic test for the 5 common X-linked IEI.The Hong Kong Society for Relief of Disabled Children and Jeffrey Modell Foundation.http://www.frontiersin.org/Immunologyam2023Paediatrics and Child Healt

Some fossil corals from the elevated reefs of Curaçao, Arube and Bonaire

While I was in Europe in the summer of 1897, it was my good fortune to meet Prof. K. MARTIN, Director of the Leyden Geological Museum, who upon hearing that I was making a special study of West Indian fossil corals, kindly offered to place at my disposal the specimens that he had collected in the Dutch West Indies. Hon. CHAS. D. WALCOTT, Director of the United States Geological Survey, has permitted me to study this material and write a report upon it. The principal object of my journey to Europe during the last International Geological Congress was to visit and study collections bearing upon our American fossil corals. Type collections of a good many of the species discussed in this paper were examined, and it is my pleasant duty here to make acknowledgements for courtesies extended to me at several museums. Dr. WILHELM WELTNER, Custos in the Museum für Naturkunde at Berlin, was very kind to me, and enabled me to study all of EHRENBERG’S types from the West Indies. I also examined some of KLUNZINGER’S types. Prof. CAMERANO at Turin, gave me every facility for studying such types of DUCHASSING and MICHELOTTI as are preserved there. The assistants of Prof. EDMOND PERRIER permitted me to study a considerable amount of the material of MILNE-EDWARDS and HAIME in the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle at Paris. Dr. HENRY WOODWARD and Dr. GREGORY gave me every facility for studying the fossil corals in the British Museum of Natural History; and Prof. F. JEFFREY BELL and Mr. H. M. BERNARD gave me access to all of the recent corals that I desired to study in that institution. The officers of the Geological Society of London gave me all the assistance possible. I studied there most of the types of DUNCAN

Corrections to the nomenclature of the Eocene fossil corals of the United States

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