70 research outputs found
Disorder-promoted splitting in quasiparticle interference at nesting vectors
Inelastic interactions of quantum systems with the environment usually wash coherent effects out. In the case of Friedel oscillations, the presence of disorder leads to a fast decay of the oscillation amplitude. Here we show both experimentally and theoretically that in three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Te3 there is a nesting-induced splitting of coherent scattering vectors which follows a peculiar evolution in energy. The effect becomes experimentally observable when the lifetime of quasiparticles shortens due to disorder. The amplitude of the splitting allows an evaluation of the lifetime of the electrons. A similar phenomenon should be observed in any system with a well-defined scattering vector regardless of its topological properties
Betaine–N-Heterocyclic Carbene Interconversions of Quinazolin-4-One Imidazolium Mesomeric Betaines. Sulfur, Selenium, and Borane Adduct Formation
Reaction of N-alkylated imidazoles with 2-chloro-4-quinazolinone gave mesomeric betaines, 2-(1-alkyl-1H-imidazolium-3-yl)quinazolin-4-olates, for which three tautomeric forms of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) can be formulated, in addition to an anionic NHC after deprotonation. The NHC tautomers were trapped with sulfur, selenium, triethylborane, and triphenylborane as thiones, selenones and borane adducts, respectively. We obtained two isomers of the cyclic borane adducts, diazaboroloquinazolinones with [1,5-a] and [5,1-b]-type fusion between the quinazolinone and the diazaborole rings. They correspond to two different NHC tautomers and to the anionic NHC derived thereof. The third NHC tautomer was trapped as a non-cyclic adduct with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane by coordination to the quinazoline oxygen atom. 2D 1H-15N HMBC experiments of 15N-labeled quinazolinone fragments, quantitative measurements of long-range 1H-15N coupling constants (JHN), and five X-ray single crystal analyses have been carried out for the structure elucidations and to gain insight into the NMR spectroscopic properties of these compounds. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 17-03-01029Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, DAADMinistry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: 4.6351.2017/8.9This work was supported by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science (State contract 4.6351.2017/8.9) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 17-03-01029). Single crystal X-ray analysis of 23b was performed at the User Facilities Centers of IGIC RAS within the State Assignment on Fundamental Research to the Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry. We thank the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst DAAD for the financial support of the internship of S. D. at Clausthal University of Technology, Germany
Длительная регионарная анальгезия в комплексной терапии обширных гнойно-некротических ран на фоне декомпенсированной артериальной и венозной недостаточности (клиническое наблюдение)
Objective: to demonstrate the successful complex treatment of a shin circular wound in a patient with intense pain due to critical limb ischemia and wound infection, which became possible against the background of prolonged peripheral blockade. Materials and methods. A 72-year-old patient with critical ischemia of the right lower extremity was treated for a circular purulent-necrotic wound of the shin leg from November 2016 to April 2017 at the Wounds and Wound Infections Department of FSBI “A. V. Vishnevsky NRC of Surgery” Ministry of Health of Russia. An examination revealed the impossibility of right lower limb arterial insufficiency surgical correction. The patient refused amputation of the lower limb. For the relief of pain, a long-term blockage of the sciatic nerve was used (infusion of ropivacaine 6.0–8.0 mg / hr into the perineural catheter, additional 100 mg ropivacaine boluses were used before performing traumatic daily dressings). The intensity of pain was evaluated on a visual analogue scale (VAS), sought to achieve a pain intensity of not more than 3 points at rest and not more than 4 points on – when moving. Results. Blockade of the sciatic nerve reduced the intensity of pain from 8–10 to 0–3 points, which made it possible to continue treatment. In total, the duration of sciatic nerve catheterization at the stages of treatment was 115 days (18 + 41 + 23 + 32), the maximum duration of one of the peripheral nerve catheterizations was 41 days. Complications associated with nerve catheterization were not observed in the patient. The pain syndrome is stopped, the area of the wound defect is reduced in size. Discharged for outpatient treatment. Conclusion. Long-term peripheral analgesia made it possible to gain time necessary for cleansing the wound surface from necrotic tissues, therapy with drugs that improve arterial blood supply to the limbs, as well as for performing reconstructive and reconstructive operations after the wound process has passed to the reparative stage. Long-term peripheral blockade is a prerequisite for the successful treatment of extensive wounds of the lower extremities caused by insufficient arterial blood supply at the stage of critical limb ischemia, accompanied by intense pain. Цель исследования: демонстрация опыта успешного комплексного лечения циркулярной раны голени у пациентки с интенсивным болевым синдромом, обусловленным критической ишемией конечности и раневой инфекцией, которое стало возможным на фоне пролонгированной периферической блокады. Материалы и методы исследования. Пациентка 72 лет с критической ишемией правой нижней конечности лечилась по поводу циркулярной гнойно-некротической раны голени с ноября 2016 по апрель 2017 года в Отделе ран и раневых инфекций ФГБУ «НМИЦ хирургии им. А. В. Вишневского» Минздрава России. При обследовании выявлена невозможность хирургической коррекции артериальной недостаточности правой нижней конечности. От ампутации нижней конечности больная отказалась. Для купирования болевого синдрома использовали длительную блокаду седалищного нерва (инфузия ропивакаина 6,0–8,0 мг/ч в периневральный катетер, до выполнения травматичных ежедневных перевязок применяли дополнительно болюсы ропивакаина по 100 мг). Интенсивность боли оценивали по визуальной аналоговой шкале (ВАШ), стремились к достижению интенсивности боли не более 3 баллов в покое и не более 4 баллов по ВАШ при движении. Результаты исследования. Блокада седалищного нерва уменьшила интенсивность боли по ВАШ от 8–10 до 0–3 баллов, что обеспечило возможность продолжать лечение. В сумме продолжительность катетеризации седалищного нерва на этапах лечения составила 114 суток (18 + 41 + 23 + 32), максимальная продолжительность одной из катетеризаций периферического нерва – 41 сутки. Осложнений, связанных с катетеризацией нерва, у больной не наблюдали. Болевой синдром купирован, площадь раневого дефекта уменьшена в размерах. Выписана на амбулаторное лечение. Заключение. Длительная периферическая анальгезия позволила выиграть время, необходимое для очищения поверхности раны от некротических тканей, терапии препаратами, улучшающими артериальное кровоснабжение конечности, и выполнения реконструктивных и восстановительных операций после перехода раневого процесса в репаративную стадию. Длительная периферическая блокада является необходимым условием успешного лечения обширных ран нижних конечностей, обусловленных недостаточностью артериального кровоснабжения в стадии критической ишемии, сопровождающихся интенсивным болевым синдромом.
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