Prevalence of Arboviruses in Vietnam

For many years, arbovirus infections have been a global health problem and one of the urgent threats to the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population. Climatic conditions, species diversity and abundance of vectors, epidemiological and demographic factors are of fundamental importance for the emergence and persistence of natural foci of arbovirus infections. In the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) and other countries of the Asia-Pacific region, the most complex epidemiological situation is observed in regard to a number of arboviral infectious diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, inter alia to dengue fever. In this review we analyzed the literature data to identify the features of the circulation of some arboviruses in Vietnam, such as dengue virus, Zika, Chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis virus, Dabie virus, and the routes of their transmission and spread. It is shown that the climatic, ecological, epidemiological and demographic conditions existing on the territory of Vietnam contribute to the spread of pathogens of many arboviruses. Areas of more active circulation and ways of spreading pathogens of arbovirus infections have been identified. Based on the data obtained, it is necessary to conduct annual epidemiological and epizootiological survey of the territory of the SRV in order to identify markers of pathogens and determine the boundaries of natural foci of arbovirus infectious diseases which will enhance and increase the effectiveness of preventive and anti-epidemic measures

Cинтез наночастиц Y(OH)CO3 и Y2О3 при использовании жидких межфазных границ и дальнейшая модификация их поверхности палладием

The nano-composite materials with different morphology and structure, including yttrium basic carbonate or yttrium oxide and palladium metal are obtained. The optimal conditions for synthesis of stable nanoparticles of yttrium basic carbonate are defined. It is established that yttrium basic carbonate goes to the oxide at 900 °C. Samples of nanomaterials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Получены наноразмерные композиционные материалы различной морфологии и структуры, включа-ющие гидроксокарбонат либо оксид иттрия и металлический палладий. Определены оптимальные условия синтеза стабильных наночастиц гидроксокарбоната иттрия, которые при температуре 900°С переходят в соответствующий оксид. Образцы наноматериалов охарактеризованы методами электронной просвечивающей микроскопии, ИК спектроскопии, рентгенофазового анализа, рентгеновской фотоэлектронной спектроскопии

Synthesis of nanoparticles of Y(OH)CO₃ and Y₂O₃ using liquid interfaces and modification of their surface by palladium

The nano-composite materials with different morphology and structure, including yttrium basic carbonate or yttrium oxide and palladium metal are obtained. The optimal conditions for synthesis of stable nanoparticles of yttrium basic carbonate are defined. It is established that yttrium basic carbonate goes to the oxide at 900 °C. Samples of nanomaterials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

REALITIES AND PROSPECTS FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL CORRECTION OF «ADMA-ENOS"-ASSOCIATED WAYS IN PREECLAMPSIA

Methylated analogs of L-arginine - asymmetric dimetilarginin (ADMA) and monometilarginin (L-NMMA) - are endogenous inhibitors of endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS). ADMA level in maternal plasma is increased in women with preeclampsia. The high level of ADMA is one of the predictors of preeclampsia. L-arginine increases the activity of eNOS and production of nitric oxide in the ADMA-similar model of L-NAME-induced endothelial dysfunction. ENOS activator (resveratrol), antioxidants, potentiated polyclonal antibodies to eNOS and others agents have been effective in this model. Studies of endotelioprotective activity in other «ADMA-eNOS-associated" experimental models of metabolic syndrome and homocysteine-induced, gipoestrogen-induced sepsis-induced endothelial dysfunction and endothelial dysfunction in postvaccinal vasculitis have been developed

Lessons Learned from and Prospects of Using Mobile Laboratories for Epidemiological Surveillance over Plague, Other Particularly Dangerous, Natural-Focal, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases

The review presents the materials on the use of mobile laboratories, developed in the Russian Federation, in the framework of four main areas: monitoring of territories to identify the circulation of pathogens of natural-focal infectious diseases; monitoring of territories during the exacerbation of the epizootic situation; participation in the elimination of outbreaks of infectious diseases; monitoring of territories to control and predict the epidemiological and epizootiologic situation in preparation for mass events. The tactical and technical characteristics and the procedure for organizing the operation of the mobile laboratory for monitoring and diagnostics mounted on the platform of the KamAZ chassis are considered. A distinctive feature of the laboratory from the existing Russian and foreign counterparts is the availability of the necessary conditions for conducting research using bacteriological analysis, rapid and accelerated diagnostic methods, and performing a full cycle of works – from the preparatory stage to the destruction of infected material. Hightech equipment allows the realization of two research schemes: the first – bacteriological analysis alongside the PCR, which ensures high reliability of the results; the second – conducting the PCR at the first stage, and when identifying genetic markers of the pathogen – performing bacteriological analysis of positive samples in order to isolate the culture of the pathogen and identify it subsequently. The second scheme will reduce the volume of bacteriological studies; make changes in the tactics of epizootiological survey. Tests of the mobile laboratory have demonstrated the effectiveness of its use in the epizootiological examination of natural plague foci, including cross-border ones. Owing to the use of a mobile laboratory in the Gorno-Altaisk high-mountain natural focus of plague, a new epizootic site was identified, located in a remote area, used by the population as a summer pasture for grazing domestic animals. The use of mobile laboratories will strengthen the laboratory base of institutions that monitor particularly dangerous, natural-focal and other dangerous infectious diseases; will help to bring the advanced diagnostic technologies directly to the natural focus, reduce the risk of epidemic complications due to plague and other particularly dangerous infections in cross-border natural foci