3 research outputs found

    Electronic-microscopic estimation of changes in erythrocytes ultrastructure under influence of low-frequency ultrasound

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    The paper presents the estimation of changes of erythrocytes ultra-structure under influence of low-frequency ultrasound using various types of waveguides. It was demonstrated that application of ultrasound contributes to change of erythrocyte form and size, which depend on intensity, duration and type of the waveguide

    ВлияниС Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ тСрмокинСтичСской Π­Π”Π‘ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π² Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½Π°

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    The effect of duration and annealing temperature in the range of 400–800 Β°C on the thermokinetic EMF value in titanium nickelide, the composition of which is close to the equi-atomic one, at a reverse phase transition was investigated. Thermokinetic EMF was measured directly using a digital millivoltmeter MNIPI V7-72. The phase and elemental composition of the alloy and the kinetics of thermoelastic phase transformations have been checked by X-ray diffraction and calorimetric studies, and X-ray microanalysis. Annealing at temperatures of 500 and 800 Β°C leads to an increase in theΒ thermokinetic EMF value from 0.22 to 0.25 mV. Removal of the oxide layer from the sample surface annealed at 700 Β°C for 0.5 h leads to an increase in the thermokinetic EMF value from 0.22 to 0.26 mV for the 1-st thermal cycle. It was found that thermal cycling causes a decrease in the thermokinetic EMF values down to 0.98 mV for the 20th thermal cycle for the samples without an oxide layer and to 0.3 mV for the samples with an oxide layer, respectively. With the increase in annealing time up to 20 h at 700 Β°C, the decrease in the thermokinetic emf value to 0.16 mV was observed. The thermokinetic EMF value after heat treatment is associated with changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the alloy and characterized by a shift of the characteristic temperatures of the phase transition. The research results are important for understanding the physics of thermoelectric phenomena in shape memory alloys during nonstationary heating and can be used both to control the homogeneity of their physical and mechanical properties and to design smart actuators and sensors, mechanisms of control systems.ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ тСрмокинСтичСской Π­Π”Π‘ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π² Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½Π° состава, Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊ эквиатомному, ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π° Π² ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π²Π°Π»Π΅ 400Γ·800 Β°Π‘. Π’Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π­Π”Π‘ измСряли прямым способом с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π° МНИПИ Π’7-72. Анализ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, элСмСнтного состава сплава ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΡƒΠΏΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° основании Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² рСнтгСноструктурных ΠΈ калоримСтричСских исслСдований, ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΆΠΈΠ³ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ 500 ΠΈ 800 Β°Π‘ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ росту тСрмокинСтичСской Π­Π”Π‘ ΠΎΡ‚ 0,22 Π΄ΠΎ 0,25 ΠΌΠ’. Π£Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ оксидного слоя с повСрхности ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π° послС ΠΎΡ‚ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 700 Β°Π‘ Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 0,5 Ρ‡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ росту Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ тСрмокинСтичСской Π­Π”Π‘ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚ 0,22 Π΄ΠΎ 0,26 ΠΌΠ’. Π’Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π· оксидного слоя Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ тСрмокинСтичСской Π­Π”Π‘ Π·Π° 20 Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎ 0,98 ΠΌΠ’, Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΈ оксидного слоя – Π΄ΠΎ 0,3ΠΌΠ’. Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 700 Β°Π‘ Π΄ΠΎ 20 Ρ‡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ сниТСнию тСрмокинСтичСской Π­Π”Π‘ Π΄ΠΎ 0,16 ΠΌΠ’. Π’Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° тСрмокинСтичСской Π­Π”Π‘ послС Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ связана с ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-мСханичСских свойств сплава ΠΈ характСризуСтся смСщСниСм характСристичСских Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдований Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ для понимания Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ протСкания тСрмоэлСктричСских явлСний Π² сплавах с эффСктом памяти Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ нСстационарном Π½Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π²Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ для контроля однородности ΠΈΡ… Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-мСханичСских свойств, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… элСмСнтов, ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Ρ‚Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² систСм управлСния

    Control and program complex of pictures processing for the solution of problems of the surface in metallography analysis

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    In the article there are described the possibilities of the' program Autoscan Objects, intended for stereological analysis of the structured components of different materials. The principles of program creation and carrying out of analysis are shown. There is offered the program Autoscan Areas, intended for measurements of the surfaces, engaged by different phases, and also porosity of the examined materials
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