Common conformational changes induced in type 2 picornavirus IRESs by cognate trans-acting factors

Type 2 internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and other picornaviruses comprise five major domains H-L. Initiation of translation on these IRESs begins with specific binding of the central domain of initiation factor, eIF4G to the J-K domains, which is stimulated by eIF4A. eIF4G/eIF4A then restructure the region of ribosomal attachment on the IRES and promote recruitment of ribosomal 43S pre-initiation complexes. In addition to canonical translation factors, type 2 IRESs also require IRES trans-acting factors (ITAFs) that are hypothesized to stabilize the optimal IRES conformation that supports efficient ribosomal recruitment: the EMCV IRES is stimulated by pyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB), whereas the FMDV IRES requires PTB and ITAF45. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the effect of ITAFs on the conformations of EMCV and FMDV IRESs by comparing their influence on hydroxyl radical cleavage of these IRESs from the central domain of eIF4G. The observed changes in cleavage patterns suggest that cognate ITAFs promote similar conformational changes that are consistent with adoption by the IRESs of comparable, more compact structures, in which domain J undergoes local conformational changes and is brought into closer proximity to the base of domain I

Mechanisms of the Magneto-Optical Activity of Rare-Earth Ions in Rare-Earth Iron Garnet Single Crystals

The magnetic and magneto-optical properties of the typical representatives of three rare-earth iron garnets (RIG) groups: with heavy rare-earth elements Yb, Er, Dy, Tb; with elements from the middle of lanthanide series Gd, Sm, and with light rare-earth element Nd are presented. In contradistinction to other work on the Faraday rotation, which were done only at 1152 nm (8696 $cm^{-1}$), here we present FR spectra obtained in the energy region 5500-20000 $cm^{-1}$ with high optical resolution. The investigations have been done at temperatures of 5, 82, 130, 295 K using magnetic field up to 25 kOe applied parallel to the [111] crystallographic axis of the crystals. It has been shown that the contribution proportional to the magnetic field and independent of temperature to the mixing of the ground state multiplets exceeds the paramagnetic contribution in YbIG, ErIG, GdIG, SmIG. In Tb and Dy iron garnets contributions from the two mechanisms have opposite signs, and the paramagnetic mechanism gives the greatest contribution to the Faraday rotation. Nevertheless, the contribution of the diamagnetic mechanism, caused by the influence of the exchange field in the iron sublattices on rare-earth ions, is significant, and it is necessary to take it into account. Anomalously large magneto-optical activity is observed in NdYIG. This is the result of contributions of the same sign and approximately equal in magnitude from the paramagnetic and diamagnetic mechanisms

Mechanisms of the Magneto-Optical Activity of Rare-Earth Ions in Rare-Earth Iron Garnet Single Crystals

The magnetic and magneto-optical properties of the typical representatives of three rare-earth iron garnets (RIG) groups: with heavy rare-earth elements Yb, Er, Dy, Tb; with elements from the middle of lanthanide series Gd, Sm, and with light rare-earth element Nd are presented. In contradistinction to other work on the Faraday rotation, which were done only at 1152 nm (8696 cm −1 ), here we present FR spectra obtained in the energy region 5500-20000 cm −1 with high optical resolution. The investigations have been done at temperatures of 5, 82, 130, 295 K using magnetic field up to 25 kOe applied parallel to the [111] crystallographic axis of the crystals. It has been shown that the contribution proportional to the magnetic field and independent of temperature to the mixing of the ground state multiplets exceeds the paramagnetic contribution in YbIG, ErIG, GdIG, SmIG. In Tb and Dy iron garnets contributions from the two mechanisms have opposite signs, and the paramagnetic mechanism gives the greatest contribution to the Faraday rotation. Nevertheless, the contribution of the diamagnetic mechanism, caused by the influence of the exchange field in the iron sublattices on rare-earth ions, is significant, and it is necessary to take it into account. Anomalously large magneto-optical activity is observed in NdYIG. This is the result of contributions of the same sign and approximately equal in magnitude from the paramagnetic and diamagnetic mechanisms

Mechanisms of the Magneto-Optical Activity of Rare-Earth Ions in Rare-Earth Iron Garnet Single Crystals

The magnetic and magneto-optical properties of the typical representatives of three rare-earth iron garnets (RIG) groups: with heavy rare-earth elements Yb, Er, Dy, Tb; with elements from the middle of lanthanide series Gd, Sm, and with light rare-earth element Nd are presented. In contradistinction to other work on the Faraday rotation, which were done only at 1152 nm (8696 $cm^{-1}$), here we present FR spectra obtained in the energy region 5500-20000 $cm^{-1}$ with high optical resolution. The investigations have been done at temperatures of 5, 82, 130, 295 K using magnetic field up to 25 kOe applied parallel to the [111] crystallographic axis of the crystals. It has been shown that the contribution proportional to the magnetic field and independent of temperature to the mixing of the ground state multiplets exceeds the paramagnetic contribution in YbIG, ErIG, GdIG, SmIG. In Tb and Dy iron garnets contributions from the two mechanisms have opposite signs, and the paramagnetic mechanism gives the greatest contribution to the Faraday rotation. Nevertheless, the contribution of the diamagnetic mechanism, caused by the influence of the exchange field in the iron sublattices on rare-earth ions, is significant, and it is necessary to take it into account. Anomalously large magneto-optical activity is observed in NdYIG. This is the result of contributions of the same sign and approximately equal in magnitude from the paramagnetic and diamagnetic mechanisms

MODERN GENETIC ASPECTS OF PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPS

The review of the russian and foreign literature on pelvic organ prolapse in women and its genetic aspects. According to the literature, an association of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) with a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 9q21, which are involved in the formation of elastic fibers of the connective tissue (CT). The association also polymorphism fibullin – 5 (FBLN5) and lysyl oxidase – like 1 (LOXL1) and theirrelationship to POP. Based on the literature, studies aimed at identifying the genetic nature of the POP, are incomplete and are important for the identification of risk groups who have a predisposition to POP, selecting the optimal policy for patients at risk and the initial stages of POP

OPTIMIZATION OF PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT IN TRANSVAGINAL PELVIC RECONSTRUCTIVE PLASTIC SURGERY FOR THE TREATMENT OF PELVIC ORGANS PROLAPSE

The objective of this study was to optimize the preoperative assessment in transvaginal pelvic reconstructive plastic surgery for the treatment of pelvic organs prolapse. Materials and methods: We conducted the quantitative and qualitative analysis of vaginal biocenosis in 68 female patients before and after administration of Polygynax. It was shown that Polygynax improves vaginal biocenosis owing to the reduction of microbial content. Therefore, the use of Polygynax for the preoperative assessment can be an effective method of prophylaxis of infectious and inflammatory complications and promote tissue regeneration after transvaginal pelvic reconstructive plastic surgery for the treatmentof pelvic organs prolapse

Procoagulant Platelets Form an -Granule Protein-covered "Cap" on Their Surface That Promotes Their Attachment to Aggregates

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