5 research outputs found
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π² Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π£Π΄ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ
Relevance. A large reserve to increase the production of tomatoes for different periods of cultivation and purposes of use are highly productive new varieties and heterotic hybrids. In this regard, one of the important conditions now is the maximum compliance of newly created varieties and hybrids with modern technologies that allowΒ obtaining competitive products. In addition to the main indicators (high yield, earlyΒ maturity, favorable maturation), varietal features such as transportability of fruits,high taste appeal (especially salad-type hybrids), appearance, resistance to majorΒ diseases and manufacturability are also important. In recent years, tomato and otherΒ vegetable crops have grown mainly hybrids of the first generation F1 and line (theΒ result of targeted selection), less often populations. For more than a decade, onlyΒ hybrid varieties have been grown in industrial greenhouse vegetable production.Methods. The article presents the results of 7-year research on the yield, its structureΒ and quality of fruits of indeterminate tomato hybrids. Research on the yield and quality of fruits of indeterminate tomato hybrids was carried out in 2011-2017, in JSCΒ "Zavyalovsky Greenhouse plant" of the Udmurt Republic.Results. Hybrid F1 tomato Ismail, F1 Macarena, F1 Mace, F1 Geronimo and F1 StarbuckΒ were distinguished by high productivity. This indicator was respectively: 34.5 kg / m2;Β 33.1 kg / m2; 32.3 kg / m2; 32.0 kg / m2 and 31.2 kg / m2. Tomatoes F1 Yakimanka, F1Β Foronti, F1 Starbuck, F1 Taganka and F1 Mace stood out for large-fruited. More than 30Β mg / 100 g was contained in F1 Izmail F1 Ochakov, F1 Mariachi, F1 Kokhava vitamin CΒ fruits. The nitrate content in tomato fruits was not high for years of research, it wasΒ within the MPC.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Β ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ. Π Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ (Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΡ), Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° (ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°), Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉΒ Π²ΠΈΠ΄, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²Β ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΒ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ F1 ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ (ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°), ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π£ΠΆΠ΅Β Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡΒ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ 7-Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉΒ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Β Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Β ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² 2011β2017 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
Π² ΠΠΒ Β«Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Β«ΠΠ°Π²ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉΒ» Π£Π΄ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° F1 ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΈΠ»,Β F1ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π°, F1 ΠΡΠ»Π°Π²Π°, F1 ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈ F1 Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΊ. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Β ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ: 34,5 ΠΊΠ³/ΠΌ2; 33,1 ΠΊΠ³/ΠΌ2; 32,3 ΠΊΠ³/ΠΌ2; 32,0 ΠΊΠ³/ΠΌ2 ΠΈ 31,2 ΠΊΠ³/ΠΌ2. Π’ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΒ F1 Π―ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ°, F1 Π€ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈ, F1 Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΊ, F1 Π’Π°Π³Π°Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ F1 ΠΡΠ»Π°Π²Π° Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΒ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
F1 ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΈΠ» F1 ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ², F1 ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈ, F1 ΠΠΎΡ
Π°Π²Π° Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° Π‘Β ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 30 ΠΌΠ³/100 Π³. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π·Π° Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΒ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΠΠ
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅
In agriculture, the use of microbiological fertilizers is becoming more and more widespread. The presence of microorganisms in them allows improving soil fertility, increasing the productivity of crops, while ensuring the cultivation of environmentally friendly products. There is a wide variety of microbiological fertilizers, so determining the type of preparation for garden strawberries when grown in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic is relevant. The purpose of the research: a comparative assessment of the effect of various types of microbiological fertilizers on the productivity of garden strawberries.Materials and Methods. Studies on the effect of microbiological fertilizers on the yield and its structure of garden strawberries were carried out on the territory of Vostochny LLC, Zavyalovsky District, Udmurt Republic. In 2016, 2018 studies were carried out on the feeding of garden strawberries of the Darenka vari- ety of the first and third years of fruiting with microbiological fertilizers on soddy-medium-podzolic medium-loamy soil. The scheme of the experiment included the following options: Water (control), Baikal EM 1, Emix, Humat EM. The total area of the plot is 2,9 m2. The accounting area of the plot is 1,8 m2. Placement of variants by a systematic method, in six-fold repetition.Results.Β Harvesting was carried out in five terms. Studies have proven the positive effect of the studied microbiological fertilizers on plant productivity. The highest yield of berries was 833,6 g/m2, which was obtained using Baikal EM 1. The largest berry was obtained in 2016, also when treated with Baikal EM 1, and amounted to 145 g. lo to increase the number of berries from the bush. So, in 2016 their number was 45,2; in 2018 β 42,0 pieces.Π ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π£Π΄ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ: ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°Β ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ Β«ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉΒ» ΠΠ°Π²ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° Π£Π΄ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π 2016, 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΊΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅. Π‘Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ: ΠΠΎΠ΄Π° (ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ), ΠΠ°ΠΉΠΊΠ°Π» ΠΠ 1, ΠΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ, ΠΡΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΠ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ β 2,9 ΠΌ2. Π£ΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ 1,8 ΠΌ2. Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘Π±ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 833,6 Π³/ΠΌ2, Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ°ΠΉΠΊΠ°Π» ΠΠ 1. Π‘Π°ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π² 2016 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ°ΠΉΠΊΠ°Π» ΠΠ 1 ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 14,5 Π³. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊ, Π² 2016 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ 45,2 ΡΡ.; Π² 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ β 42,0 ΡΡ
Π£ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
Relevance. One of the most important elements of the technology of cultivation of strawberries for increasing productivity and improving the quality of berries is the use of fertilizers that can regulate the growth, development, yield and quality of products.Methods. During 2016-2018, the impact of pre-planting application of complex mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of strawberries in the Udmurt Republic was studied. The analysis of meteorological conditions during the growing season of the crop according to the research results is carried out.Results. The results of the use of complex fertilizers Azofoska, Perm-yagodnoye and Fusco-yagodnoye on garden strawberries when grown in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic are presented. It was found that the use of these fertilizers in comparison with the control (Azofoska) contributes to an increase in yield and has a positive effect on the quality of berries. The aftereffect of the studied fertilizers on the second and third year of fruiting of wild strawberries is noted. According to the results of research, the highest yield of berries of the garden strawberry was obtained in 2016 in the first year of fruiting when applying Chamfer-berry (1.33 kg/m2 ). The pre-planting application of the FaskoYagodnoye fertilizer provided a reliable increase in yield at all times of berry harvesting, and on average for three years by 0.13 kg/m2 with an NSR of 0.04 kg/m2 . The content of dry matter, water-soluble sugars and vitamin C in the berries corresponded to the characteristics of the Darenka variety and to a greater extent depended on the meteorological conditions of the growing season of strawberries.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°. Π ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 2016-2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² Π£Π΄ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Β«ΠΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Β», Β«ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΡ-ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅Β» ΠΈ Β«Π€Π°ΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅Β» Π½Π° Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π£Π΄ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ (ΠΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°) ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π² 2016 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Β«Π€Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅Β» (1,33 ΠΊΠ³/ΠΌ2 ). ΠΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Β«Π€Π°ΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅Β» ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄, Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π·Π° ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π° 0,13 ΠΊΠ³/ΠΌ2 ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ‘Π 05 0,04 ΠΊΠ³/ΠΌ2 . Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° Π‘ Π² ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ
Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΊΠ²Ρ Π² Π£Π΄ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅
Relevance. Pumpkin is a food, medicinal and fodder crop of the Cucurbitaceae family. It is valued for its high content of vitamins, minerals, organic acids. At present, thanks to the huge variety of species and modern selection, it is possible to select pumpkin varieties for cultivation in almost any region, including areas with short and not too hot summers. Udmurtia belongs to the zone of risky farming, the end of spring frosts is observed on average in the first ten days of June, and autumn frosts on the soil are possible at the end of August. Due to the short frost-free period, it is necessary to choose earlier maturing varieties, grow the crop through seedlings and use temporary shelters. The pumpkin fruit is usually large in size, is a thick layer of pulp, covered with a dense peel. When cutting such a fruit, the pumpkin is not stored in the future, it requires urgent processing. In this connection, in recent years, portioned varieties of pumpkin, the size of the fruit of which does not exceed 1.5β3.0 kg, have become increasingly in demand.Materials and Methods. The purpose of the research: a comparative assessment of varietal characteristics of growth and productivity of pumpkin species. In 2020β2021 in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic, experiments were carried out to study the characteristics of growth and productivity of pumpkin varieties. We studied varieties of pumpkin: Pearl, Crumb, Honey Tale, Marble, Rossiyanka, Smile, Candied fruit.Results and its discussion. Within two years, pumpkin varieties of large-fruited and nutmeg were studied. On average, for two years, the pumpkin Medovaya skazka distinguished itself with the highest yield. In 2021, the yield for the Medovaya Skazka variety was 64.7 t/ha. The yield increase was obtained due to an increase in fruit weight, which in 2020 amounted to 2.9 kg, in 2021 - 6.5 kg. The studied varieties of pumpkin differed in quality indicators of fruits. On average, over two years, the varieties Rossiyanka and Mramornaya showed an increase in the content of water-soluble sugars in fruits. The fruits of the pumpkin Candied fruit and Kroshka were distinguished by a high content of dry matter.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π’ΡΠΊΠ²Π° β ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ, Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π’ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ (Cucurbitaceae). Π¦Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡΡ Π·Π° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠΊΠ²Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ. Π£Π΄ΠΌΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ, Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π²Π³ΡΡΡΠ°. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π±Π΅Π·Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°, Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Ρ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡΡΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π° Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠΊΠ²Ρ, ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ 1,5β3,0 ΠΊΠ³.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ: ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΊΠ²Ρ. Π 2020β2021 Π³Π³. Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π£Π΄ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΊΠ²Ρ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠΊΠ²Ρ: ΠΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ°, ΠΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ, Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°, Π£Π»ΡΠ±ΠΊΠ°, Π¦ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π»Π΅Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠΊΠ²Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. Π ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π·Π° Π΄Π²Π° Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π° ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ°. Π 2021 Π³. ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 64,7 Ρ/Π³Π°. ΠΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π² 2020 Π³. ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 2,9 ΠΊΠ³, Π² 2021 Π³. β 6,5 ΠΊΠ³. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠΊΠ²Ρ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π·Π° Π΄Π²Π° Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
. ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Ρ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°
Peculiarities of yield formation of tomato in the protected ground of the Udmurt Republic
Relevance. A large reserve to increase the production of tomatoes for different periods of cultivation and purposes of use are highly productive new varieties and heterotic hybrids. In this regard, one of the important conditions now is the maximum compliance of newly created varieties and hybrids with modern technologies that allowΒ obtaining competitive products. In addition to the main indicators (high yield, earlyΒ maturity, favorable maturation), varietal features such as transportability of fruits,high taste appeal (especially salad-type hybrids), appearance, resistance to majorΒ diseases and manufacturability are also important. In recent years, tomato and otherΒ vegetable crops have grown mainly hybrids of the first generation F1 and line (theΒ result of targeted selection), less often populations. For more than a decade, onlyΒ hybrid varieties have been grown in industrial greenhouse vegetable production.Methods. The article presents the results of 7-year research on the yield, its structureΒ and quality of fruits of indeterminate tomato hybrids. Research on the yield and quality of fruits of indeterminate tomato hybrids was carried out in 2011-2017, in JSCΒ "Zavyalovsky Greenhouse plant" of the Udmurt Republic.Results. Hybrid F1 tomato Ismail, F1 Macarena, F1 Mace, F1 Geronimo and F1 StarbuckΒ were distinguished by high productivity. This indicator was respectively: 34.5 kg / m2;Β 33.1 kg / m2; 32.3 kg / m2; 32.0 kg / m2 and 31.2 kg / m2. Tomatoes F1 Yakimanka, F1Β Foronti, F1 Starbuck, F1 Taganka and F1 Mace stood out for large-fruited. More than 30Β mg / 100 g was contained in F1 Izmail F1 Ochakov, F1 Mariachi, F1 Kokhava vitamin CΒ fruits. The nitrate content in tomato fruits was not high for years of research, it wasΒ within the MPC