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    ΠšΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π½Π°Ρ систСма ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ компСнсаторныС возмоТности Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎ врСмя ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π°, ослоТнСнной ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΉ

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    Background. Acute hemorrhage remains the leading cause of death on the operating room in emergency surgery. However, the correlation of the central hemodynamics, oxygen balance and homeostasis in such victims during emergency surgical treatment with the outcomes of surgical treatment has not yet been evaluated.Material and methods. We examined 100 patients with acute massive blood loss, who had emergency surgery. We determined heart rate, arterial pressure by direct and indirect methods, central venous pressure, oxygen saturation of blood, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, gas and acid-base contents of arterial and venous blood, oxygen consumption, oxygen delivery, oxygen extraction ratio according to generally accepted formulas. Two groups of patients were formed of 50 people, depending on the oxygen balance (Group 1 - subcompensation, Group 2 - decompensation).Results. At the time of admission to the operating room and after the surgery, the indicators of systemic hemodynamics in patients of both groups did not differ statistically significantly. In the Group 2, at the time of admission to the operating room, there were statistically significantly higher VO2 (195 (158, 256) ml/(min-m2) and 112.5 (86; 145.3) ml/(min-m2)), ERO2 (50 (45.1, 60) % and 25.1 (19.6, 33.2) %) and low SvO2 (54.4 (48.5, 67.5) % and 75.1 (67,8; 83) %) (p<0.001 for all indicators). In the Group 2, there were increased values of ERO2 and VO2 (p=0.001) at the end of the operation compared to the Group 1, although the glucose and lactate levels did not differ statistically significantly between the groups. The course of the postoperative period was complicated in 9 (18%) patients of the Group 1 and 2 (4%) patients died. The course of the postoperative period of patients in the Group 2 was complicated in 9 (18%) patients and 7 (14%) patients died.Conclusion . Circulatory insufficiency persisted in patients who had severe oxygen deficiency disorders, despite management of bleeding, replenishment of blood loss, intraoperative intensive therapy, indicating the depletion of the compensatory mechanisms of the oxygen transport system. This was confirmed by a higher mortality rate among the victims of this group.Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠžΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ кровопотСря остаСтся основной ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исходов Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ столС Π² экстрСнной Ρ…ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡ€Π³ΠΈΠΈ. Однако Π΄ΠΎ сих ΠΏΠΎΡ€ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Π΅Π½Π° связь ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, кислородного баланса ΠΈ гомСостаза Ρƒ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎ врСмя экстрСнного хирургичСского лСчСния с исходами ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ лСчСния.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π‘Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ обслСдованы 100 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с острой массивной ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² экстрСнном порядкС. Π’ Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ обслСдования рСгистрировали частоту сСрдСчных сокращСний, Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ прямым ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ сСрдСчный индСкс, индСкс ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ пСрифСричСского сосудистого сопротивлСния. ИсслСдовали Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈ кислотно-основной составы Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. ИндСкс потрСблСния кислорода (ИПО2), индСкс транспорта кислорода, коэффициСнт экстракции кислорода (КЭО2) опрСдСляли ΠΏΠΎ общСпринятым Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»Π°ΠΌ. Π‘Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎ 50 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ, Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ кислородного баланса (1-я Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° - субкомпСнсация, 2-я Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° - дСкомпСнсация).Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π’ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ поступлСния Π² ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ послС окончания ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ систСмной Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… 1-ΠΉ ΠΈ 2-ΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ статистичСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ. Π£ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² 2-ΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ поступлСния Π² ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ статистичСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высокиС ИПО2 (195 (158; 256) ΠΌΠ»Π”ΠΌΠΈΠ½-ΠΌ2) ΠΈ 112,5 (86; 145,3) ΠΌΠ»Π”ΠΌΠΈΠ½-ΠΌ2), КЭО2 (50 (45,1; 60)% ΠΈ 25,1 (19,6; 33,2)%) ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ содСрТаниС кислорода Π² ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ (54,4 (48,5; 67,5)% ΠΈ 75,1 (67,8; 83)%) (Ρ€<0,001 для всСх ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ). Π£ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… 2-ΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с 1-ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ значСния КЭО2 ΠΈ ИПО2 (Ρ€=0,001, статистичСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎ) Π½Π° этапС окончания ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, хотя ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π² ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠ·Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ статистичСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½Π΅ различался. Π’Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ послСопСрационного ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ослоТнСно Ρƒ 9 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… (18%) 1-ΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹. Π’ послСопСрационном ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π»ΠΈ 2 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° (4%) 1-ΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹. Π’Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ послСопСрационного ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² 2-ΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ ослоТнилось Ρƒ 9 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… (18%). Π’ послСопСрационном ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π»ΠΈ 7 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² (14%) 2-ΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π£ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… с Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ кислородного баланса, нСсмотря Π½Π° остановку кровотСчСния, восполнСниС ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ ΡΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ циркуляторной нСдостаточности, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ± истощСнии компСнсаторных ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² кислородтранспортной систСмы. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ подтвСрТдаСтся ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высокой Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ срСди ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹

    Oxygen Transport System and Its Compensatory Capabilities for Victims During Operations for Abdominal Trauma, Complicated by Blood Loss

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    Background. Acute hemorrhage remains the leading cause of death on the operating room in emergency surgery. However, the correlation of the central hemodynamics, oxygen balance and homeostasis in such victims during emergency surgical treatment with the outcomes of surgical treatment has not yet been evaluated.Material and methods. We examined 100 patients with acute massive blood loss, who had emergency surgery. We determined heart rate, arterial pressure by direct and indirect methods, central venous pressure, oxygen saturation of blood, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, gas and acid-base contents of arterial and venous blood, oxygen consumption, oxygen delivery, oxygen extraction ratio according to generally accepted formulas. Two groups of patients were formed of 50 people, depending on the oxygen balance (Group 1 - subcompensation, Group 2 - decompensation).Results. At the time of admission to the operating room and after the surgery, the indicators of systemic hemodynamics in patients of both groups did not differ statistically significantly. In the Group 2, at the time of admission to the operating room, there were statistically significantly higher VO2 (195 (158, 256) ml/(min-m2) and 112.5 (86; 145.3) ml/(min-m2)), ERO2 (50 (45.1, 60) % and 25.1 (19.6, 33.2) %) and low SvO2 (54.4 (48.5, 67.5) % and 75.1 (67,8; 83) %) (p<0.001 for all indicators). In the Group 2, there were increased values of ERO2 and VO2 (p=0.001) at the end of the operation compared to the Group 1, although the glucose and lactate levels did not differ statistically significantly between the groups. The course of the postoperative period was complicated in 9 (18%) patients of the Group 1 and 2 (4%) patients died. The course of the postoperative period of patients in the Group 2 was complicated in 9 (18%) patients and 7 (14%) patients died.Conclusion . Circulatory insufficiency persisted in patients who had severe oxygen deficiency disorders, despite management of bleeding, replenishment of blood loss, intraoperative intensive therapy, indicating the depletion of the compensatory mechanisms of the oxygen transport system. This was confirmed by a higher mortality rate among the victims of this group
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