Anemia of chronic diseases in patients with dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathy

Aim. To estimate the effect of anemia of chronic diseases on the processes of cardiovascular system remodeling in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Methods. The study included 27 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy with anemia, 19 with dilated cardiomyopathy without anemia, 11 with ischemic cardiomyopathy with anemia, 34 with ischemic cardiomyopathy without anemia, and 30 healthy individuals. In these comparison groups, peripheral blood, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean cell hemoglobin concentration, reticulocytes, serum iron and ferritin were examined. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, scintigraphy and coronary angiography were performed. Results. In all groups identical signs of chronic heart failure class 3 and 4 were found to be predominant, which was confirmed by a significant decrease of blood pressure, stroke volume, ejection fraction, increase of end systolic and diastolic volumes and sizes, as well as left and right atrial size. Patients with dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathy with anemia had decreased hemoglobin, number of erythrocytes and platelets, positive correlation between hemoglobin and serum iron (r=0.49, p=0.000), red blood cells and ferritin (r=0.61, p=0.000), negative correlation between hemoglobin and ferritin (r=-0.51, p=0.02). In ischemic cardiomyopathy with anemia positive correlation was found between hemoglobin and serum iron (r=0.54, p=0.000), erythrocytes and ferritin (r=0.49, p=0.03), negative correlation - between hemoglobin and ferritin (r=0.54, p=0.03). Conclusion. In patients with dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathy no significant effect of anemia of chronic diseases on heart remodeling processes was revealed

Computational Modeling of Silicate Glasses: A Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship Perspective

This article reviews the present state of Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships (QSPR) in glass design and gives an outlook into future developments. First an overview is given of the statistical methodology, with particular emphasis to the integration of QSPR with molecular dynamics simulations to derive informative structural descriptors. Then, the potentiality of this approach as a tool for interpretative and predictive purposes is highlighted by a number of recent inspiring applications

Гидродинамика теплоносителя в активной зоне реактора PWR с ТВС-Квадрат разных конструкций

. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the hydrodynamics of the coolant in the core of the PWR reactor with fuel assemblies “TVS-Kvadrat” of various designs. Experimental studies of hydrodynamics consisted in studying the velocity fields and the process of cross-flow of coolant between adjacent fuel assemblies “TVS-Kvadrat” of various designs in homogeneous and mixed cores on large-scale experimental models, including fragments of two adjacent fuel assemblies “TVS-Kvadrat” and a gap between them. The test models differ in the number of installed grids, this is due to the fact that in a homogeneous core the hydraulic load along the height of the fuel assemblies is identical, and in a mixed core the hydraulic load is uneven due to the different number of installed grids. The hydrodynamics of the coolant has been studied on an aerodynamic open-loop based on the theory of hydrodynamic similarity, using individually calibrated pneumometric sensors. Based on the data obtained, the fields of local axial and transverse velocities in various sections along the length of the studied section of the test models have been constructed. The fields of local dimensionless transverse and axial flow velocities in the fuel bundles and the gap between the fuel assemblies “TVS-Kvadrat” of the PWR reactor core have been studied. Peculiarities of the process of transverse flow between adjacent “TVS-Kvadrat” of a homogeneous and the mixed core of the PWR reactor have been revealed. The results of experimental studies have been transferred to the developer of “TVS-Kvadrat”, that is  JSC “Experimental Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering named after I. I. Afrikantov”,  for further use in justifying the design and operating modes of a nuclear power plant.  В статье приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований гидродинамики теплоносителя в активной зоне реактора PWR c ТВС-Квадрат разных конструкций. Экспериментальные исследования гидродинамики заключались в изучении полей скоростей и процесса поперечного перетекания теплоносителя между соседними ТВС-Квадрат разных конструкций в однородной и смешанной активных зонах на масштабных экспериментальных моделях, включающих в себя фрагменты двух соседних ТВС-Квадрат и зазор между ними. Экспериментальные модели отличаются количеством установленных решеток. Это обусловлено тем, что в однородной активной зоне гидравлическая нагрузка по высоте ТВС идентична, а в смешанной – неравномерна из-за разного количества установленных решеток. Гидродинамика теплоносителя изучалась на аэродинамическом исследовательском стенде с учетом теории гидродинамического подобия с использованием пневмометрических датчиков с индивидуальной тарировкой. На основании полученных данных построены поля локальных осевых и поперечных скоростей в различных сечениях по длине исследуемого участка экспериментальных моделей. Изучены поля локальных безразмерных поперечных и аксиальных скоростей потока в твэльных пучках и зазоре между ТВС-Квадрат активной зоны реактора PWR. Выявлены особенности процесса поперечного перетекания потока между соседними ТВС-Квадрат однородной и смешанной активной зон реактора PWR. Результаты экспериментальных исследований переданы разработчику ТВС-Квадрат АО «ОКБМ Африкантов» для дальнейшего использования при обосновании конструкции и режимов работы ядерной энергетической установки