Spectrum of qubit oscillations from Bloch equations

We have developed a formalism suitable for calculation of the output spectrum of a detector continuously measuring quantum coherent oscillations in a solid-state qubit, starting from microscopic Bloch equations. The results coincide with that obtained using Bayesian and master equation approaches. The previous results are generalized to the cases of arbitrary detector response and finite detector temperature.Comment: 8 page

Pressure dependence of Raman modes in double wall carbon nanotubes filled with α-Fe.

The preparation of highly anisotropic one-dimensional (1D) structures confined into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in general is a key objective in CNTs research. In this work, the capillary effect was used to fill double wall carbon nanotubes with iron. The samples are characterized by Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning area electron diffraction, and magnetization. In order to investigate their structural stability and compare it with that of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), elucidating the differences induced by the inner-outer tube interaction, unpolarized Raman spectra of tangential modes of double wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) filled with 1D nanocrystallin α-Fe excited with 514 nm were studied at room temperature and elevated pressure. Up to 16 GPa we find a pressure coefficient for the internal tube of 4.3 cm−1 GPa−1 and for the external tube of 5.5 cm−1 GPa−1. In addition, the tangential band of the external and internal tubes broadens and decreases in amplitude. All findings lead to the conclusion that the outer tube acts as a protection shield for the inner tubes (at least up 16 GPa). Structural phase transitions were not observed in this range of pressure

Mood and anxiety disorders across the adult lifespan: a European perspective

BACKGROUND: The World Mental Health Survey Initiative (WMHSI) has advanced our understanding of mental disorders by providing data suitable for analysis across many countries. However, these data have not yet been fully explored from a cross-national lifespan perspective. In particular, there is a shortage of research on the relationship between mood and anxiety disorders and age across countries. In this study we used multigroup methods to model the distribution of 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI mood and anxiety disorders across the adult lifespan in relation to determinants of mental health in 10 European Union (EU) countries. METHOD: Logistic regression was used to model the odds of any mood or any anxiety disorder as a function of age, gender, marital status, urbanicity and employment using a multigroup approach (n = 35500). This allowed for the testing of specific lifespan hypotheses across participating countries. RESULTS: No simple geographical pattern exists with which to describe the relationship between 12-month prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders and age. Of the adults sampled, very few aged ≥ 80 years met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for these disorders. The associations between these disorders and key sociodemographic variables were relatively homogeneous across countries after adjusting for age. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is required to confirm that there are indeed stages in the lifespan where the reported prevalence of mental disorders is low, such as among younger adults in the East and older adults in the West. This project illustrates the difficulties in conducting research among different age groups simultaneously

Surface Composition of Carbon Nanotubes-Fe-Alumina Nanocomposite Powders: An Integral Low-Energy Electron Mo1ssbauer Spectroscopic Study

The surface state of carbon nanotubes-Fe-alumina nanocomposite powders was studied by transmission and integral low-energy electron Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopy. Several samples, prepared under reduction of the R-Al1.8-Fe0.2O3 precursor in a H2-CH4 atmosphere applying the same heating and cooling rate and changing only the maximum temperature (800-1070 °C) were investigated, demonstrating that integral low-energy electron Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopy is a promising tool complementing transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy for the investigation of the location of the metal Fe and iron-carbide particles in the different carbon nanotubenanocomposite systems containing iron. The nature of the iron species (Fe3+, Fe3C, R-Fe, ç-Fe-C) is correlated to their location in the material. In particular, much information was derived for the powders prepared by using a moderate reduction temperature (800, 850, and 910 °C), for which the transmission and integral low-energy electron Mössbauer spectra are markedly different. Indeed, R-Fe and Fe3C were not observed as surface species, while ç-Fe-C is present at the surface and in the bulk in the same proportion independent of the temperature of preparation. This could show that most of the nanoparticles (detected as Fe3C and/or ç-Fe-C) that contribute to the formation of carbon nanotubes are located in the outer porosity of the material, as opposed to the topmost (ca. 5 nm) surface. For the higher reduction temperatures Tr of 990 °C and 1070 °C, all Fe and Fe-carbide particles formed during the reduction are distributed evenly in the bulk and the surface of the matrix grains. The integral low-energy electron Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopic study of a powder oxidized in air at 600 °C suggests that all Fe3C particles oxidize to R-Fe2O3, while the R-Fe and/or ç-Fe-C are partly transformed to Fe1-xO and R-Fe2O3, the latter phase forming a protecting layer that prevents total oxidation

Reverse quantum state engineering using electronic feedback loops

We propose an all-electronic technique to manipulate and control interacting quantum systems by unitary single-jump feedback conditioned on the outcome of a capacitively coupled electrometer and in particular a single-electron transistor. We provide a general scheme to stabilize pure states in the quantum system and employ an effective Hamiltonian method for the quantum master equation to elaborate on the nature of stabilizable states and the conditions under which state purification can be achieved. The state engineering within the quantum feedback scheme is shown to be linked with the solution of an inverse eigenvalue problem. Two applications of the feedback scheme are presented in detail: (i) stabilization of delocalized pure states in a single charge qubit and (ii) entanglement stabilization in two coupled charge qubits. In the latter example we demonstrate the stabilization of a maximally entangled Bell state for certain detector positions and local feedback operations.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figures, to be published by New Journal of Physics (2013

Investigation of 14.1 MeV neutrons interaction with C, Mg, Cr

This paper is dedicated to n+12C, n+24Mg, n+52Cr -reactions investigation at 14.1 MeV neutron energy. Characteristics of these reactions have been calculated using TALYS code to estimate perspectives of using of this code in data interpretation in the TANGRA project. This project is performed in Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics (FLNP JINR) to investigate properties of (n,xγ)-type reactions, important for fundamental and practical applications

Energy gain of wetted-foam implosions with auxiliary heating for inertial fusion studies

Low convergence ratio implosions (where wetted-foam layers are used to limit capsule convergence, achieving improved robustness to instability growth) and auxiliary heating (where electron beams are used to provide collisionless heating of a hotspot) are two promising techniques that are being explored for inertial fusion energy applications. In this paper, a new analytic study is presented to understand and predict the performance of these implosions. Firstly, conventional gain models are adapted to produce gain curves for fixed convergence ratios, which are shown to well-describe previously simulated results. Secondly, auxiliary heating is demonstrated to be well understood and interpreted through the burn-up fraction of the deuterium-tritium fuel, with the gradient of burn-up with respect to burn-averaged temperature shown to provide good qualitative predictions of the effectiveness of this technique for a given implosion. Simulations of auxiliary heating for a range of implosions are presented in support of this and demonstrate that this heating can have significant benefit for high gain implosions, being most effective when the burn-averaged temperature is between 5 and 20 keV

Investigation of 14.1 MeV neutrons interaction with C, Mg, Cr

358-362This paper is dedicated to n+12C, n+24Mg, n+52Cr -reactions investigation at 14.1 MeV neutron energy. Characteristics of these reactions have been calculated using TALYS code to estimate perspectives of using of this code in data interpretation in the TANGRA project. This project is performed in Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics (FLNP JINR) to investigate properties of (n,xγ)-type reactions, important for fundamental and practical applications