Assessment of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in Black Pied cattle in the Novosibirsk Region using microsatellite markers

There are currently over a thousand indigenous cattle breeds well adapted to local habitat conditions thanks to their long history of evolution and breeding. Identification of the genetic variations controlling the adaptation of local cattle breeds for their further introduction into the genome of highly productive global breeds is a matter of great relevance. Studying individual populations of the same breed with the use of microsatellite markers makes it possible to assess their genetic diversity, relationships, and breed improvement potential. Although the Black Pied breed is the most common dairy cattle breed in Russia, there are only a few studies on genetic diversity in local Black Pied populations in some Russian regions. The goal of the present study was to analyze the genetic diversity in Black Pied cattle populations in the Novosibirsk Region and compare them with other Russian populations; to identify significantly divergent populations with a view to preserving them under the programs aimed at maintaining the genetic diversity of the domestic Black Pied breed. DNA samples from 4788 animals of the Black Pied breed from six breeding enterprises in the Novosibirsk Region have been studied using 11 microsatellite markers. No significant differences in genetic variability parameters were found between individual populations. Private alleles have been identified in five out of six populations. Five populations have shown inbreeding coefficient values (FIS) below zero, which indicates heterozygosity excess. The population distribution test, principal component analysis, FST and DEST values, cluster analysis, and phylogenetic analysis have revealed two populations genetically distinct from the others. Essentially, the genetic diversity parameters of the six studied Black Pied cattle populations from the Novosibirsk Region show no significant differences from other Russian populations of the breed. Excess heterozygosity is observed in most breeding enterprises, which is a sign of a low inbreeding rate. To maintain the genetic diversity of the Russian Black Pied cattle, we recommend focusing on the two populations with significant genetic distinctions from the others

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND VITAL EXHAUSTION: LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN RUSSIA/SIBERIA (WHO MONICA — PSYCHOSOCIAL PROGRAM)

Aim. To study prevalence rates of vital exhaustion and its effects on 14-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (arterial hypertension (AH), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke) development and genetic traits in open population of 25–64-yearold men in Russia/Siberia (West Siberia metropolis, Novosibirsk).Material and methods. Random representative sample of 25–64-year-old men was studied in a framework of WHO MONICA-Psychosocial Program (MOPSY) in 1994. Maastricht Questionnaire (MQ) was used to assess vital exhaustion. Genotyping for variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphisms in DRD4 and DAT genes was performed. All new cases of AH, MI, and stroke were registered among people without CVD for 14 years (from 1994 to 2008). Statistical analysis was done by using software package SPSS 11.5. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for evaluation of risk coefficient (hazard ratio (HR) taking into account time-adjusted control. Х2 test was used to assess statistical significance of differences between the groups.Results. In the study population, the vital exhaustion rate was 66,8%. Hazard ration was significantly increased (AH: HR=3,2; MI: HR=2,7; stroke: HR=3,2) in men with vital exhaustion compared with vital exhaustion-free individuals in open population during the first five years of observation. Multifactorial modeling showed that vital exhaustion together with concomitant social gradient determined development of AH, MI, and stroke in open population of 25–64-year-old men. Allele 7 of DRD4 and genotype 9/9 of DAT gene were associated with high level of vital exhaustion.Conclusion: Open population of 25–64-year-old men (Russia/Siberia, Novosibirsk) showed high level of vital exhaustion, a predictor for risk of developing CVD. Vital exhaustion is significantly associated with certain VNTR polymorphisms of DRD4 and DAT gens

Deficiency of Standard Effective-Medium Approximation for Ellipsometry of Layers of Nanoparticles

Correct description of optical properties of layers of disordered interacting nanoparticles is the problem. Contrary to volumes of nanocomposites, when standard models of effective-medium approximations (EMA) work well, two-dimensional case of layers has intrinsic anisotropy, which influences interparticle interactions. The deficiency of standard Maxwell-Garnett model in the application to the ellipsometry of layers of gold nanoparticles is demonstrated. It demands the modification of EMA models and one way of this is considered in this paper. Contrary to existing 2D models with phenomenological parameters, the proposed Green function approach uses the same number of parameters as standard 3D EMA models for explicit calculations of effective parameters of layers of disordered nanoparticles

Model of the effective-medium approximation for nanostructured layers with the account of interparticle interactions and its ellipsometric registration

Here we discuss the deficiencies of standard Effective-Medium Approximation in the application to thin layers and propose the model, which overcomes those problems for 2-dimensional case. Ellipsometry of layers of gold nanoparticles reveals the discussed interparticle interactions in such layers

ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS WITH DOPAMINE RECEPTOR D4 (DRD4), DAT GENE POLYMORPHISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR INCIDENCE RISK

Anxiety is considered as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Relationships between genetic markers of anxiety and risk of developing CVD remain unknown.Aim. The objectives of the study were to determine trait anxiety prevalence; to find associations between trait anxiety and VNTR polymorphisms in the DRD4 and DAT genes; and to calculate Hazard retio (HR) for developing arterial hypertension (AH), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke.Material and methods. Representative sample of 25-64-year-old males (n=2149) was examined in three screening studies in a framework of the WHO MONICA program and MONICA-psychosocial subprogram in Novosibirsk in 1984, 1988, and 1994. All first time MI, AH, and stroke events were registered from 1984 to 2008. Genotyping of VNTR polymorphism was performed for DRD4 and DAT genes. Anxiety levels were evaluated by using the Spielberger’s test. Stratified Cox proportional regression model was used for Hazard ratio (HR) estimation.Results. High level of anxiety (HLA) in an open male population was 50,9%. The DRD4 genotype 4/6 and DAT genotype 9/9 were significantly associated with HLA. HLA increased CVD risk. HR for developing AH and stroke was maximal during the first five years of the study, whereas maximal risk of developing MI was found for 10-year period.Conclusion. Prevalence of HLA in an open 25-64-year-old male population in Novosibirsk was high. Rates of HLA were significantly associated with certain VNTR polymorphisms in the DRD4 and DAT genes. HLA were associated with increased risk of developing CVD

Association of the dopamine receptor (DRD4, DAT) gene polymorphisms with vital exhaustion in an open population among 25—64-year-old men (Novosibirsk): Epidemiological study according to the WHO MONICA-psychosocial program

Objective: to study the association of the DRD4, DAT genes with vital exhaustion in an open 25—64-old-year male population. A random representative sample of 657 men aged 25—64 years, living in one of the Novosibirsk districts was examined within the WHO MONICA project in 1994. The MONICA-MOPSY test was used to estimate the level of vital exhaustion. The examined DRD4, DAT gene Polymorphisms were genotypes in the Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Studies, Therapy Research Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (Novosibirsk). Results. The genotype containing allele 7 in the dopamine receptor subtype 4 (DRD4) gene, as well as genotype 9/9 in the dopamine-transporter protein (DAT) gene are significantly associated with the high level of vital exhaustion. Conclusion. The vital exhaustion is significantly associated with certain DRD4, DAT gene polymorphisms in the open 25—64-year-old male population of Novosibirsk