34,729 research outputs found
Generalized MICZ-Kepler Problems and Unitary Highest Weight Modules
For each integer , we demonstrate that a -dimensional
generalized MICZ-Kepler problem has an \mr{Spin}(2, 2n+2) dynamical symmetry
which extends the manifest \mr{Spin}(2n+1) symmetry. The Hilbert space of
bound states is shown to form a unitary highest weight \mr{Spin}(2,
2n+2)-module which occurs at the first reduction point in the
Enright-Howe-Wallach classification diagram for the unitary highest weight
modules. As a byproduct, we get a simple geometric realization for such a
unitary highest weight \mr{Spin}(2, 2n+2)-module.Comment: 27 pages, Refs. update
Surface Impedance and Bulk Band Geometric Phases in One-Dimensional Systems
Surface impedance is an important concept in classical wave systems such as
photonic crystals (PCs). For example, the condition of an interface state
formation in the interfacial region of two different one-dimensional PCs is
simply Z_SL +Z_SR=0, where Z_SL (Z_SR)is the surface impedance of the
semi-infinite PC on the left- (right-) hand side of the interface. Here, we
also show a rigorous relation between the surface impedance of a
one-dimensional PC and its bulk properties through the geometrical (Zak) phases
of the bulk bands, which can be used to determine the existence or
non-existence of interface states at the interface of the two PCs in a
particular band gap. Our results hold for any PCs with inversion symmetry,
independent of the frequency of the gap and the symmetry point where the gap
lies in the Brillouin Zone. Our results provide new insights on the
relationship between surface scattering properties, the bulk band properties
and the formation of interface states, which in turn can enable the design of
systems with interface states in a rational manner
A computational analysis of under-expanded jets in the hypersonic regime
Underexpanded axisymmetric jets are studied numerically using a full Navier-Stokes solver. Emphasis has been given to supersonic and hypersonic jets in supersonic and hypersonic ambient flows, a phenomenon previously overlooked. It is demonstrated that the shear layers and shock patterns in a jet plume can be captured without complicated viscous/inviscid and subsonic/supersonic coupling schemes. In addition, a supersonic pressure relief effect has been identified for underexpanded jets in supersonic ambient flows. While it is well known that an underexpanded jet in a quiescent ambience (or subsonic ambience) contains multiple shock cells, the present study shows that because of the supersonic pressure relief effect, an underexpanded jet in a supersonic or hypersonic ambience contains only one major shock cell
Development of CNS-type Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor in Metastatic Testicular Mixed Germ Cell Tumor.
A 29-year-old man presenting with a retroperitoneal mass was found to have a testis lesion consistent with mixed germ cell tumor and the RPLND specimen showed teratoma with an area of central nervous system-type primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) not present in the testis. Whether such primitive tumor components represent a de novo tumor component or represent progression from existing neuroepithelial teratomatous elements is unclear. Given the high likelihood of residual tumor and possibility of malignant transformation, post-chemotherapy RPLND remains vital in treating patients with testis cancer. PNET is chemo-resistant and lesions should be resected, without clear evidence for adjuvant chemotherapy
Topological Insulator Magnetic Tunnel Junctions: Quantum Hall Effect and Fractional Charge via Folding
We provide a characterization of tunneling between coupled topological
insulators in 2D and 3D under the influence of a ferromagnetic layer. We
explore conditions for such systems to exhibit integer quantum Hall physics and
localized fractional charge, also taking into account interaction effects for
the 2D case. We show that the effects of tunneling are topologically equivalent
to a certain deformation or folding of the sample geometry. Our key advance is
the realization that the quantum Hall or fractional charge physics can appear
in the presence of only a \emph{single} magnet unlike previous proposals which
involve magnetic domain walls on the surface or edges of topological insulators
respectively. We give illustrative topological folding arguments to prove our
results and show that for the 2D case our results are robust even in the
presence of interactions.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Microscopic Analysis of Order Parameters in Nuclear Quantum Phase Transitions
Microscopic signatures of nuclear ground-state shape phase transitions in Nd
isotopes are studied using excitation spectra and collective wave functions
obtained by diagonalization of a five-dimensional Hamiltonian for quadrupole
vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom, with parameters determined by
constrained self-consistent relativistic mean-field calculations for triaxial
shapes. As a function of the physical control parameter -- the number of
nucleons, energy gaps between the ground state and the excited vibrational
states with zero angular momentum, isomer shifts, and monopole transition
strengths, exhibit sharp discontinuities at neutron number N=90, characteristic
of a first-order quantum phase transition.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication as a Rapid Communication
in Physical Review
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