Metropolisation Processes In Contemporary Space Of Poland

Published in: Origin Spatial Development of Contemporary Poland in Łódź University Geographical Research, edited by T.MarszałThe last 20 years of scientific research on metropolises and metropolitan areas in Poland can be divided into three basic stages. The first one, observed at the turn of the 20 th century, focused on the implementation of the basic terminology and methodology from European and American scientific literature. That was also the time of the first attempts of identify Polish metropolises and delimit their functional areas. This period strongly influenced further achievements in this field, first of all, two basic approaches towards understanding the metropolis were applied then. The first one, according to the international terminology, refers to a big city which due to well-developed metropolitan functions is considered (or aspires) to be an important centre on the global scale (global metropolis). In Poland only the capital city, Warsaw, to some extent seems to meet such criteria. In such circumstances, this term more and more often was used to refer also to other regional and supra-regional centres. As a result, scientists who certainly acknowledged this nuance, began to equate “metropolitan areas” with “urban agglomerations”. The popularity of this approach could be explained in the context of prestige and political objectives. However, despite the fact that for many years numerous attempts to institutionalize such metropolitan areas have been made, still there is no agreement on the identification of metropolises and the delimitation of their functional areas, not mentioning other issues related to metropolitan governance. The second stage of research in the described field fell on the first decade of the 21 st century. The main focus was on identification of metropolitan functions in the biggest Polish cities, usually four or five of them. At that time a dual approach towards the understanding the idea of metropolis was clearly visible. Nowadays we experience the third stage of metropolitan research, in which the internal structure of metropolitan areas as well as the relations within them attract scientific attention. Simultaneously, numerous projects focusing on smaller territorial units (e.g. small towns located in metropolitan hinterland) are being carried out. It seems that in future this stage could be followed by focusing the interest on the institutionalisation of metropolitan areas. This ought to result in integration of transport policies, land management and performing other municipal tasks, and, in a broader perspective, in establishing complex metropolitan management. The example of considerable advancement in this field may already be found in Poznań, where local authorities, together with the scientific circ les, successfully stimulate integration of the metropolitan area. To conclude, metropolises and metropolitan areas are nowadays among the most important scientific research subjects in Poland. Not only does this refer to socio-economic geography, but also to economy, urban sociology and management. A considerable share of the scientific projects in this field has application values – their results are implemented in various planning documents prepared at each level of territorial organisation. This evidently proves the importance of research activities regarding metropolisation processes as well as the necessity of their continuation in future

A Distinguishing Feature of the Balance 2∙f(O)−f(H) in Electrolytic Systems: The Reference to Titrimetric Methods of Analysis

The balance 2∙f(O)−f(H) provides a general criterion distinguishing between electrolytic redox and non-redox systems of any degree of complexity, in aqueous, non-aqueous and mixed-solvent media. When referred to redox systems, it is an equation linearly independent on charge (ChB) and elemental/core balances f(Yg) for elements/cores Yg ≠ H and O, whereas for non-redox systems, 2∙f(O)−f(H) is linearly dependent on these balances. The balance 2∙f(O)−f(H) formulated for redox systems is the primary form (pr-GEB) of the generalized electron balance (GEB) as the fundamental equation needed for resolution of these systems. Formulation of GEB for redox systems needs no prior knowledge of oxidation numbers for all elements of the system. Any prior knowledge of oxidation numbers for all elements in components forming a redox system and in the species of the system thus formed is not necessary within the Approach II to GEB. Oxidants and reductants are not indicated. Stoichiometry and equivalent mass are redundant concepts only. The GEB, together with charge balance and concentration balances for elements ≠ H and O, and the complete set of independent equations for equilibrium constants form an algorithm, resolvable with use of an iterative computer program. All attainable physicochemical knowledge can be included in the algorithm. Some variations involved with tests of possible reaction paths for metastable systems can also be made. The effects of incomplete physicochemical knowledge on the system can be also tested. One of the main purposes of this chapter is to provide the GEB formulation needed for resolution of redox systems and familiarize it to a wider community of chemists

First observation of Bs0 → D*s2+Xμ-ν decays

Using data collected with the LHCb detector in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, the semileptonic decays B0s→D+sXμ−ν and B0s→D0K+Xμ−ν are detected. Two structures are observed in the D0K+ mass spectrum at masses consistent with the known Ds1(2536)+ and D∗s22573)+ mesons. The measured branching fractions relative to the total B0s semileptonic rate are B(B0s→D∗+s2Xμ−ν)/B(B0s→Xμ−ν) = (3.3±1.0±0.4)%, and B(B0s→D+s1Xμ−ν)/B(B0s→Xμ−ν) = (5.4±1.2±0.5)%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This is the first observation of the D∗+s2 state in B0s decays; we also measure its mass and width

АБСТИНЕНЦІЯ У ВИХОВНІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ І ПОГЛЯДАХ МЕЧИСЛАВА KУЗНОВІЧА (1874 – 1945)

Father Mieczysław Kuznowicz (1874 – 1945) was a famous Polish social and educational activist and a patron to artisan and working youths. It was for them that he decided to direct an organization called «St. Stanisław Kostka Artisan and Industrial Youth Association». The aim of the article is to present the ideas and activity of Father Kuznowicz in the field of abstinence.Ксендз Мечислав Kузнович (1874 – 1945) – известный польский общественный и образовательный деятель, наставник ремесничей и рабочей молодежи. С мнением о заброшенной в воспитательном значении молодежи, возглавил организацию «Союз ремесничей и промышленной молодежи, преданной св. Станислава Костко». В статье отражена деятельность и взгляды М. Kузновича на абстинентну (антиалкогольную и антитабачную) позицию среди членов этой организации.Ксьондз Мечислав Kузновіч (1874 – 1945) – відомий польський громадський і освітній діяч, наставник ремісничої і робітничої молоді. З думкою про занедбану у виховному значенні молодь, очолив організацію «Союз ремісничої і промислової молоді, відданій св. Станіслава Костко». У статті висвітлено діяльність і погляди М. Kузновіча на абстиненту (антиалкогольну і антитютюнову) позицію серед членів цієї організації

Measurement Of |V_ub| From Inclusive Charmless Semileptonic B Decays

We present the partial branching fraction for inclusive charmless semileptonic B decays and the corresponding value of the CKM matrix element |Vub|, using a multivariate analysis method to access ~90% of the B -> Xu l nu phase space. This approach dramatically reduces the theoretical uncertainties from the b-quark mass and non-perturbative QCD compared to all previous inclusive measurements. The results are based on a sample of 657 million B -Bbar pairs collected with the Belle detector. We find that Delta BR(B -> Xu l nu; p^*B_l>1.0 GeV/c=1.963 x (1 +/- 0.088(stat.) +/- 0.081(sys.)) x 10^-3. Corresponding values of |Vub| are extracted using several theoretical calculations.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables. Published in PR

Measurement of CP asymmetry in Cabibbo suppressed D0 decays

We measure the CP-violating asymmetries in decays to the D0 -> K+K- and D0 -> pi+pi- CP eigenstates using 540 fb^{-1} of data collected with the Belle detector at or near the Upsilon(4S) resonance. Cabibbo-favored D0 -> K-pi+ decays are used to correct for systematic detector effects. The results, A_{CP}^{KK} = (-0.43 +- 0.30 +- 0.11)% and A_{CP}^{pipi} = (+0.43 +- 0.52 +- 0.12)%, are consistent with no CP violation.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Lett.

Evidence for B to K eta' gamma Decays at Belle

We present the results of a search for the radiative decay (B -> K eta' gamma) and find evidence for (B^+ -> K^+ eta' gamma) decays at the 3.3 standard deviation level with a partial branching fraction of (3.6 +/- 1.2 +/- 0.4) x 10e-6, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. This measurement is restricted to the region of combined (K eta') invariant mass less than 3.4GeVc^2. A 90% confidence level upper limit of 6.4 x 10e-6 is obtained for the decay (B^0 -> K^0 eta' gamma) in the same (K eta') invariant mass region. These results are obtained from a 605 fb^-1 data sample containing 657 x 10e6 B anti-B pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^+e^- collider.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to PRD-RC on 6/8/0

Dalitz analysis of B --> K pi psi' decays and the Z(4430)+

From a Dalitz plot analysis of B --> K pi psi' decays, we find a signal for Z(4430)+ --> pi+ psi' with a mass M= (4443(+15-12)(+19-13))MeV/c^2, width Gamma= (107(+86-43)(+74-56))MeV, product branching fraction BR(B0 --> K- Z(4430)+) x BR(Z(4430)+ --> pi+ psi')= (3.2(+1.8-0.9)(+5.3-1.6)) x 10^{-5}, and significance of 6.4sigma that agrees with previous Belle measurements based on the same data sample. In addition, we determine the branching fraction BR(B^0 --> K*(892)^0 psi')= (5.52(+0.35-0.32)(+0.53-0.58)) x 10^{-4} and the fraction of K*(892)^0 mesons that are longitudinally polarized f_L= 44.8(+4.0-2.7)(+4.0-5.3)%. These results are obtained from a 605fb^{-1} data sample that contains 657 million B-anti-B pairs collected near the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e+e- collider.Comment: Final version published in PRD(RC

Measurement of Inclusive Radiative B-meson Decays with a Photon Energy Threshold of 1.7 GeV

Using 605/fb of data collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance we present a measurement of the inclusive radiative B-meson decay channel, B to X_s gamma. For the lower photon energy thresholds of 1.7, 1.8, 1.9 and 2.0GeV, as defined in the rest frame of the B-meson, we measure the partial branching fraction and the mean and variance of the photon energy spectrum. At the 1.7GeV threshold we obtain the partial branching fraction BF(B to X_s gamma) = (3.45 +/- 0.15 +/- 0.40) x 10^-4, where the errors are statistical and systematic.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, 2 table