Hyperadiponectinemia enhances bone formation in mice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is growing evidence that adiponectin, a physiologically active polypeptide secreted by adipocytes, controls not only adipose tissue but also bone metabolism. However, a role for adiponectin in bone development remains controversial.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We therefore investigated the endocrine effects of adiponectin on bone metabolism using 12-week-old male transgenic (Ad-Tg) mice with significant hyperadiponectinemia overexpressing human full-length adiponectin in the liver.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In Ad-Tg mice, the serum level of osteocalcin was significantly increased, but the levels of RANKL, osteoprotegerin, and TRAP5b were not. Bone mass was significantly greater in Ad-Tg mice with increased bone formation. In contrast, bone resorption parameters including the number of osteoclasts and eroded surface area did not differ between Ad-Tg and their littermates.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These findings demonstrate that hyperadiponectinemia enhances bone formation in mice.</p

Transformation and Deformation Behavior in Sputter-Deposited Ti-Ni-Cu Thin Films

Ti-Ni-Cu thin films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering. Their compositions were determined by EPMA to be ranging in Cu-content from 0 to 18.0at%. All the thin films were solution-treated at 973K for 3.6ks followed by quenching into water. Transformation and deformation characteristics and lattice constants in the thin films have been investigated systematically by means of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), constant load thermal cycling tests and X-ray diffractometry, respectively. The martensite transformation temperatures of all the thin films were around 323K; they decreased only slightly with increasing Cu-content in the range within 9.5at%, while they slightly increased in the range beyond 9.5at%. The temperature hysteresis associated with the transformation showed a strong dependence on Cu-content, i.e., it decreased from 27K to 10K with increasing Cu-content from Oat% to 9.5at%. In the 9.5at%Cu specimen, a two-stage transformation appeared and it was determined as B2↔Orthorhombic↔Monoclinic by the X-ray diffractometry. Perfect shape memory effects were observed corresponding to these transformations. By the addition of Cu, the maximum recovery strain decreased from 3.9% to 1.1% and the critical stress for slip gready increased from 55MPa to 350MPa with increasing Cu-content