3 research outputs found
Electronic-microscopic estimation of changes in erythrocytes ultrastructure under influence of low-frequency ultrasound
The paper presents the estimation of changes of erythrocytes ultra-structure under influence of low-frequency ultrasound using various types of waveguides. It was demonstrated that application of ultrasound contributes to change of erythrocyte form and size, which depend on intensity, duration and type of the waveguide
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π² Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°
The effect of duration and annealing temperature in the range of 400β800 Β°C on the thermokinetic EMF value in titanium nickelide, the composition of which is close to the equi-atomic one, at a reverse phase transition was investigated. Thermokinetic EMF was measured directly using a digital millivoltmeter MNIPI V7-72. The phase and elemental composition of the alloy and the kinetics of thermoelastic phase transformations have been checked by X-ray diffraction and calorimetric studies, and X-ray microanalysis. Annealing at temperatures of 500 and 800 Β°C leads to an increase in theΒ thermokinetic EMF value from 0.22 to 0.25 mV. Removal of the oxide layer from the sample surface annealed at 700 Β°C for 0.5 h leads to an increase in the thermokinetic EMF value from 0.22 to 0.26 mV for the 1-st thermal cycle. It was found that thermal cycling causes a decrease in the thermokinetic EMF values down to 0.98 mV for the 20th thermal cycle for the samples without an oxide layer and to 0.3 mV for the samples with an oxide layer, respectively. With the increase in annealing time up to 20 h at 700 Β°C, the decrease in the thermokinetic emf value to 0.16 mV was observed. The thermokinetic EMF value after heat treatment is associated with changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the alloy and characterized by a shift of the characteristic temperatures of the phase transition. The research results are important for understanding the physics of thermoelectric phenomena in shape memory alloys during nonstationary heating and can be used both to control the homogeneity of their physical and mechanical properties and to design smart actuators and sensors, mechanisms of control systems.ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π² Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°, Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π° Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π΅ 400Γ·800 Β°Π‘. Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΠΠΠΠ Π7-72. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΆΠΈΠ³ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ 500 ΠΈ 800 Β°Π‘ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΎΡ 0,22 Π΄ΠΎ 0,25 ΠΌΠ. Π£Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ 700 Β°Π‘ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 0,5 Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ‘ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΡ 0,22 Π΄ΠΎ 0,26 ΠΌΠ. Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π· ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ‘ Π·Π° 20 ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎ 0,98 ΠΌΠ, Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ β Π΄ΠΎ 0,3ΠΌΠ. Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ 700 Β°Π‘ Π΄ΠΎ 20 Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ‘ Π΄ΠΎ 0,16 ΠΌΠ. ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π°Ρ
Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Control and program complex of pictures processing for the solution of problems of the surface in metallography analysis
In the article there are described the possibilities of the' program Autoscan Objects, intended for stereological analysis of the structured components of different materials. The principles of program creation and carrying out of analysis are shown. There is offered the program Autoscan Areas, intended for measurements of the surfaces, engaged by different phases, and also porosity of the examined materials