36,079 research outputs found
Ablation of solids by femtosecond lasers: ablation mechanism and ablation thresholds for metals and dielectrics
The mechanism of ablation of solids by intense femtosecond laser pulses is
described in an explicit analytical form. It is shown that at high intensities
when the ionization of the target material is complete before the end of the
pulse, the ablation mechanism is the same for both metals and dielectrics. The
physics of this new ablation regime involves ion acceleration in the
electrostatic field caused by charge separation created by energetic electrons
escaping from the target. The formulae for ablation thresholds and ablation
rates for metals and dielectrics, combining the laser and target parameters,
are derived and compared to experimental data. The calculated dependence of the
ablation thresholds on the pulse duration is in agreement with the experimental
data in a femtosecond range, and it is linked to the dependence for nanosecond
pulses.Comment: 27 pages incl.3 figs; presented at CLEO-Europe'2000 11-15 Sept.2000;
papers QMD6 and CTuK11
Precise determination of the lattice spacing in full lattice QCD
We compare three different methods to determine the lattice spacing in
lattice QCD and give results from calculations on the MILC ensembles of
configurations that include the effect of , and sea quarks. It is
useful, for ensemble to ensemble comparison, to express the results as giving a
physical value for , a parameter from the heavy quark potential. Combining
the three methods gives a value for in the continuum limit of
0.3133(23)(3) fm. Using the MILC values for , this corresponds to a
value for the parameter of 0.4661(38) fm. We also discuss how to use the
for determining the lattice spacing and tuning the -quark mass
accurately, by giving values for (0.6858(40) GeV) and
(0.1815(10) GeV).Comment: 15 page
Heavy meson masses and decay constants from relativistic heavy quarks in full lattice QCD
We determine masses and decay constants of heavy-heavy and heavy-charm
pseudoscalar mesons as a function of heavy quark mass using a fully
relativistic formalism known as Highly Improved Staggered Quarks for the heavy
quark. We are able to cover the region from the charm quark mass to the bottom
quark mass using MILC ensembles with lattice spacing values from 0.15 fm down
to 0.044 fm. We obtain f_{B_c} = 0.427(6) GeV; m_{B_c} = 6.285(10) GeV and
f_{\eta_b} = 0.667(6) GeV. Our value for f_{\eta_b} is within a few percent of
f_{\Upsilon} confirming that spin effects are surprisingly small for heavyonium
decay constants. Our value for f_{B_c} is significantly lower than potential
model values being used to estimate production rates at the LHC. We discuss the
changing physical heavy-quark mass dependence of decay constants from
heavy-heavy through heavy-charm to heavy-strange mesons. A comparison between
the three different systems confirms that the B_c system behaves in some ways
more like a heavy-light system than a heavy-heavy one. Finally we summarise
current results on decay constants of gold-plated mesons.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figure
Heavy-Light Meson Semileptonic Decays with Staggered Light Quarks
We report on exploratory studies of heavy-light meson semileptonic decays
using Asqtad light quarks, NRQCD heavy quarks and Symanzik improved glue on
coarse quenched lattices. Oscillatory contributions to three-point correlators
coming from the staggered light quarks are found to be handled well by Bayesian
fitting methods. B meson decays to both the Goldstone pion and to one of the
point-split non-Goldstone pions are investigated. One-loop perturbative
matching of NRQCD/Asqtad heavy-light currents is incorporated.Comment: 3 pages, 3 postscript figures, Lattice2003(heavy
High Precision determination of the pi, K, D and D_s decay constants from lattice QCD
We determine and decay constants from lattice QCD with 2% errors, 4
times better than experiment and previous theory: = 241(3) MeV,
= 207(4) MeV and = 1.164(11).
We also obtain = 1.189(7) and =
0.979(11). Combining with experiment gives =0.2262(14) and
of 4.43(41). We use a highly improved quark discretization on
MILC gluon fields that include realistic sea quarks fixing the and
masses from the , , and meson masses. This allows a stringent
test against experiment for and masses for the first time (to within
7 MeV).Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Published version - changes from original include
a more extensive discussion of errors and an error budget table covering more
quantities. There are very small changes in some of the values reporte
Update: Precision D_s decay constant from full lattice QCD using very fine lattices
We update our previous determination of both the decay constant and the mass
of the meson using the Highly Improved Staggered Quark formalism. We
include additional results at two finer values of the lattice spacing along
with improved determinations of the lattice spacing and improved tuning of the
charm and strange quark masses. We obtain = 1.9691(32) GeV, in good
agreement with experiment, and = 0.2480(25) GeV. Our result for
is 1.6 lower than the most recent experimental average
determined from the leptonic decay rate and using from CKM
unitarity. Combining our with the experimental rate we obtain a
direct determination of , or alternatively using a probability distribution for statistical errors for this
quantity which vanishes above 1. We also include an accurate prediction of the
decay constant of the , = 0.3947(24) GeV, as a calibration
point for other lattice calculations.Comment: 24 pages, 20 figures. Updated to include new experimental results
from BaBar, new experimental averages from HFAG and consequent discussion of
theory/experiment comparison. Other minor typographical changes. Version
accepted by Phys. Rev.
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