Weighted temporal event graphs

The times of temporal-network events and their correlations contain information on the function of the network and they influence dynamical processes taking place on it. To extract information out of correlated event times, techniques such as the analysis of temporal motifs have been developed. We discuss a recently-introduced, more general framework that maps temporal-network structure into static graphs while retaining information on time-respecting paths and the time differences between their consequent events. This framework builds on weighted temporal event graphs: directed, acyclic graphs (DAGs) that contain a superposition of all temporal paths. We introduce the reader to the temporal event-graph mapping and associated computational methods and illustrate its use by applying the framework to temporal-network percolation

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on daily rhythms

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted daily activity rhythms and life routines with people adjusting to new work schedules, exercise routines, and other everyday life activities. This study examines temporal changes in daily activity rhythms and routines during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing disproportionate changes among working adult subgroups. Materials and Methods In June 2021, we conducted a year-long study to collect high-resolution fitness tracker data and questionnaire responses from 128 working adults. Questionnaire data were analyzed to explore changes in exercise and work routines during the pandemic. We build temporal distributions of daily step counts to quantify their daily movement rhythms, then measure their consistency over time using the inverse of the Earth mover’s distance. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to compare movement rhythm variability among subpopulations. Results During the pandemic, our cohort exhibited a shift in exercise routines, with a decrease in nonwalking physical exercises, while walking remained unchanged. Migrants and those living alone had less consistent daily movement rhythms compared to others. Those preferring on-site work maintained more consistent daily movement rhythms. Men and migrants returned to work more quickly after pandemic restriction measures were eased. Discussion Our findings quantitatively show the pandemic’s unequal impact on different subpopulations. This study opens new research avenues to explore why certain groups return to on-site work, exercise levels, or daily movement rhythms more slowly compared to prepandemic times. Conclusions Considering the pandemic’s unequal impact on subpopulations, organizations and policymakers should address diverse needs and offer tailored support during future crises.Peer reviewe