Genetic diversity of Tulipa suaveolens Roth populations in Volgograd Province

Background. The current natural habitat of Tulipa suaveolens Roth rapidly decreases. In order to work out the strategy of the species’ preservation, evaluation of its intraand interpopulation polymorphism is required.Materials and methods. Molecular-genetic ISSR markers were used to analyze 125 samples from 10 populations of T. suaveolens occurring in Volgograd Province and 4 populations from Saratov Province.Results. ISSR analysis revealed high intrapopulation polymorphism (73–89%) in T. suaveolens populations form Volgograd Province. AMOVA attributed the largest proportion of variability (74.3%) to intrapopulation polymorphism. Interpopulation differences account for 25.7%. Total subdivision of populations (FST) was 0.257; total gene flow (Nm) between populations was 0.723. According to Bayesian analysis and clustering with both UPGMA and Neighbor Joining methods, all the studied T. suaveolens samples from Volgograd Province make up a large genetic group: within that group none of the potential subgroups may be associated with a particular place of collecting. The NewHybrids software was applied, and the results pointed to the hybrid nature of most samples. Samples of three populations from Saratov Province made up a separate genetic group; those samples fell under the category of parent forms.Conclusion. Considering that genetic subdivision of T. suaveolens populations within the administrative borders of Volgograd Province is insignificant, while all the province’s natural parks and a number of protected natural areas undertake measures to preserve the species, the existing conservation strategy may be recognized as effective and sufficient

Методы получения трихлорсилана для производства поликристаллического кремния

Novel technical solutions and ideas for increasing the yield of solar and semiconductor grade polycrystalline silicon processes have been analyzed. The predominant polycrystalline silicon technology is currently still the Siemens process including the conversion of technical grade silicon (synthesized by carbon-thermal reduction of quartzites) to trichlorosilane followed by rectification and hydrogen reduction. The cost of product silicon can be cut down by reducing the trichlorosilane synthesis costs through process and equipment improvement. Advantages, drawbacks and production cost reduction methods have been considered with respect to four common trichlorosilane synthesis processes: hydrogen chloride exposure of technical grade silicon (direct chlorination, DC), homogeneous hydration of tetrachlorosilane (conversion), tetrachlorosilane and hydrogen exposure of silicon (hydro chlorination silicon, HC), and catalyzed tetrachlorosilane and dichlorosilane reaction (redistribution of anti-disproportioning reaction). These processes remain in use and are permanently improved. Catalytic processes play an important role on silicon surface, and understanding their mechanisms can help find novel applications and obtain new results. It has been noted that indispensable components of various equipment and process designs are recycling steps and combined processes including active distillation. They provide for the most complete utilization of raw trichlorosilane, increase the process yield and cut down silicon costВ работе проведен анализ новых технических решений и идей, направленных на повышение производительности процессов получения поликристаллического кремния «солнечного» и полупроводникового качества. Доминирующей технологией поликристаллического кремния остается Сименс-процесс, включающий перевод технического кремния (получаемого карботермическим восстановлением кварцитов) в трихлорсилан с последующими ректификационной очисткой и водородным восстановлением. Для снижения стоимости получаемого кремния необходимо уменьшать затраты на производство трихлорсилана путем совершенствования технологии и аппаратурного оформления. Рассмотрены преимущества, недостатки и пути снижения производственных затрат четырех известных методов получения трихлорсилана: взаимодействием хлористого водорода с техническим кремнием «direct chlorination» (DC), гомогенным гидрированием тетрахлорсилана (конверсией), реакцией тетрахлорсилана и водорода с кремнием «hydro chlorination silicon» (HC), а также взаимодействием тетрахлорсилана и дихлорслана в присутствии катализатора (реакцией перераспределения или анти-диспропорционирования). Эти методы остаются актуальными и постоянно совершенствуются. Большую роль играют каталитические процессы на поверхности кремния, понимание механизма которых позволит найти новые приложения и получить новые результаты. Отмечено, что необходимыми элементами аппаратурно-технологических схем являются рециклы и совмещенные процессы, в том числе реактивная дистилляция. Это позволяет наиболее полно использовать исходный трихлорсилан, получать полезные продукты и снижать стоимость изготавливаемого кремния

Advanced results of Fortelyzin® use in the FRIDOM1 study and real clinical practice

Aim. To study the effectiveness of Fortelyzin® in subgroups with different body weights in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the FRIDOM1 study and real clinical practice.Material and methods. Fortelyzin® was administered in a single-bolus dose of 15 mg over 10 seconds, regardless of the body weight of patients. Metalyse® was administered in a single-bolus dose of 30-50 mg over 10 seconds, depending on body weight. The one-year results of the FRIDOM1 study were evaluated by the clinical centers using telephone contact. Monitoring of Fortelyzin® use was carried out by inpatient physicians, emergency doctors and paramedics by filling out a monitoring sheet in the period from June 2013 to December 2021 in 19243 patients with STEMI.Results. In the FRIDOM1 study, the distribution of patients depending on body weight in the Fortelyzin® (n=190) and Metalyse® (n=191) drug groups was as follows: up to 60 kg — 4 people each (p=1,00); from 60 to 70 kg — 21 and 23 (p=0,87); from 70 to 80 kg — 39 and 43 (p=0,71), from 80 to 90 kg — 63 and 47 (p=0,07); from 90 to 100 kg — 30 and 41 (p=0,19); over 100 kg — 33 people (p=1,00) in each group. The effectiveness of thrombolysis according to electrocardiographic (ECG) data in the Fortelyzin® and Metalyse® groups was as follows: up to 60 kg — 75% each (p=1,00); from 60 to 70 kg — 76% vs 83% (p=0,72); from 70 to 80 kg — 82% vs 86% (p=0,76); from 80 to 90 kg — 81% vs 77% (p=0,64); from 90 to 100 kg — 80% vs 81% (p=1,00); over 100 kg — 79% vs 76% (p=1,00); in total — 80% vs 80% (p=0,87). The effectiveness of thrombolysis according to coronary angiography (CAG) (TIMI 2-3) in the Fortelyzin® and Metalyse® groups was as follows: up to 60 kg — 100% vs 50% (p=0,43); from 60 to 70 kg — 81% vs 67% (p=0,48); from 70 to 80 kg — 74% vs 84% (p=0,41); from 80 to 90 kg — 70% vs 72% (p=1,00); from 90 to 100 kg — 67% vs 66% (p=1,00); over 100 kg — 58% vs 64% (p=0,80); in total — 70% vs 71% (p=0,76). The one-year survival rate in the FRIDOM1 study in the Fortelyzin® and Metalyse® groups was 94% (p=0,91). The administration of Fortelyzin® in patients with STEMI caused blood flow restoration according to ECG data in 14624 of 19243 patients (76%), while according to CAG (TIMI 2-3) — in 3422 of 4805 patients (71%). Inhospital mortality was 5% (n=962), while intracranial hemorrhage developed in 0,5% (n=92).Conclusion. The use of Fortelyzin® in the FRIDOM1 study and in real clinical practice in a single-bolus (10 sec) dose of 15 mg in patients with STEMI with any body weight showed its high efficacy and safety, including at the prehospital stage

Relationship of psychoalgological status and results of neurosurgical treatment of patients with discogenic radiculopathy

The OBJECTIVE was to improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with discogenic radiculopathy by preoperative neuropsychological examination of patients with an increased risk of unsatisfactory outcome of the operation.METHODS AND MATERIALS. Neuropsychological status of 77 patients with discogenic radiculopathy in the preoperative period was studied. For this purpose, we assessed the intensity of pain, levels of personal and situational anxiety and the presence and severity of depression. The obtained data were compared with postoperative results of quality of life assessment for the main parameters, which include the level of pain and adaptation to daily activities.RESULTS. Data from neuropsychological tests were revealed, the presence of which in patients with discogenic pain syndrome suggests the risk of an unsatisfactory assessment of the operation performed by the patient. According to the long-term results of neurosurgical treatment, patients were divided into three groups: 1 – with a good result; 2 – patients with a number of preserved complaints, who rated the result of the operation as satisfactory; 3 – unsatisfactory outcome. In patients with unsatisfactory results of surgical treatment of discogenic radiculopathies with pain syndrome, patterns of psychological indices were found that were significantly associated with the outcome of treatment.CONCLUSION. Conducting a neuropsychological examination prior to surgery with the identification of predictors of chronic discogenic pain and patient dissatisfaction with the results of treatment can influence the surgical tactics and optimize the process of further treatment