The Role of Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) in Evaluating Outcome Among Hospitalized Patients with Snake Bite

Background: The considerable morbidity and death caused by snakebite envenomation is a global public health concern. Coagulopathy is a frequent complication in snakebite cases, although research on how well it predicts clinical outcomes is lacking. Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT), in particular, are the focus of this study's investigation of the relevance of coagulation tests in evaluating outcomes for hospitalized snakebite patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study with 200 patients who had been bitten by snakes and 200 controls was carried out. Clinical outcomes, such as severe bleeding, organ failure, and mortality, were evaluated together with the collection of APTT and PT data. The predictive usefulness of APTT and PT was assessed using statistical methods, such as logistic regression and ROC curve analysis. Results: When compared to controls, patients who had been bitten by snakes had significantly extended APTT and PT values. Extreme bleeding, organ failure, and mortality were all associated with abnormal APTT and PT readings. The most suitable cutoff values for risk stratification were determined through ROC curve analysis. Conclusion: The clinical importance of coagulopathy in snakebite envenomation is highlighted in this study's conclusion. The prognostic indicators APTT and PT show promise for identifying patients at higher risk of adverse outcomes, guiding prompt therapies, and enhancing patient care

DESIGN OF HIGH PERFORMANCE MULTIPLIERLESS LINEAR PHASE FINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE FILTERS

This research work proposes the finite impulse response (FIR) filters design using distributed arithmetic architecture optimized for field programmable gate array. To implement computationally efficient, low power, high-speed FIR filter a two-dimensional fully pipelined structure is used. The FIR filter is dynamically reconfigured to realize low pass and high pass filter by changing the filter coefficients. The FIR filter is most fundamental components in digital signal processing for high-speed application. The aim of this research work is to design multiplier-less FIR filter for the requirements of low power and high speed various embedded applications.Â

Shadows of Time: Content creation for the Performance art installation

Shadows of Time is a non-linear narrative video installation which would be used as a backdrop for the larger performance event. The content creation for the performance was undergone a series of process to achieve the style which was decided by the team. The installation will showcase only the photographs of architectural details of Tombs which would depict symbolically the different phases of her life such as Hayat Bakshi’s timeline, her husband’s death, her thoughts about future following her death and finally showcasing the present scenario. In the process, I explored various style of image processing, methods and processes of filmmaking, different kind of treatments in order to achieve the required output as per the decided framework. The result is an eight-minute video narrative projection without dialogues along with the composed music and set design. The final installation event would be a collaboration with the performance artists along with other interactive installations contributed by other members in the team

SECURING MULTIHOP NETWORK BY DETECTING AND LOCATING POLLUTION ATTACKS USING SPACEMAC.

It has been widely observed that providing security is one of the challenging task in Wireless sensor network(WSN). Program images need to be updated continuously as network programming happens in WSN. Many Networking protocols provide an efficient way to update these program images running on sensor nodes. One of the cryptographically strong protocol called DELUGE exists to address this challenge, but it involves high computational cost such as power consumption and communication costs. So Multiple one way key chain is proposed to secure a multihop network programming protocol which is lower in power consumption and communication costs. Even though one way key chain is used to provide security, network with static topology is considered. Network is made dynamic by adding mobility nodes to it. But the extra node added may not always be the genuine node. If it is an attacker node, there can be several pollution attacks. Attacker node travels through the network, and pollute the entire network. Wirelesss sensor network may not be able to detect these pollution attacks. In this paper, we are proposing a MAC scheme called Spacemac. It expands the network by adding nodes to it. Using SpaceMac, i) it detects the polluted packets early at the intermediate nodes. ii) it identifies the exact location of an attacker and eliminates them

Urinary brush border enzymes for early diagnosis of tubular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of premature morbidity and mortality in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hence new markers with better sensitivities are being investigated. The study was taken up to investigate whether urinary activities of N-acetyl-β-D-glycosaminidase (NAG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase LDH) and Gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) can be used as screening markers of renal dysfunction in patients suffering from T2DM.Methods: One hundred and four patients with T2DM along with 30 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups based on their u-MA levels i.e. normoalbuminuric (group1), micro albuminuric (group 2) and macroalbuminuric (group 3).Results: Urinary enzymes activity was significantly higher in patients with T2DM compared to controls (p<0.05). NAG, ALP, LDH, and GGT were significantly higher in group 3 compared to group1 and group 2 (p<0.0001). NAG, ALP, LDH and GGT showed significant positive correlation with MA (p=0.0001, r=0.308; p=0.0001, r=0.369; p=0.002, r=0.304, p=0.044, r=0.202 respectively). GGT and LDH showed highest sensitivity (86.21%, 84.00% respectively) and specificity (78.57%,53.49% respectively) for diagnosing renal dysfunction in patients with normoalbuminuria.Conclusions: The study suggests that u-GGT and LDH can be useful markers for assessing renal dysfunction in T2DM patients even before microalbuminuria manifests

Serum estradiol level on the day of ovulation trigger and pregnancy outcomes in in-vitro fertilisation-intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles

Background: There is conflicting evidence with regards to the impact of supraphysiologic estradiol levels in in-vitro fertilisation-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI) cycles on pregnancy outcomes such as oocyte quality, implantation, and clinical pregnancy. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of serum estradiol levels on the day of ovulation trigger on pregnancy outcomes in IVF-ICSI cycles.Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study, which included eighty-three women who underwent IVF-ICSI and experienced fresh embryo transfer (ET) over one year period. The women included in the study were divided into four groups according to the serum estradiol level on the day of ovulation trigger; Group I: 4000pg/ml. The outcome measures including number of oocytes retrieved, MII (metaphase II) oocytes, fertilization rate, embryo quality, overall pregnancy rate, implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were compared among these four groups.Results: The total number of oocytes, MII oocytes as well as good quality embryos significantly increased from group 1 to group 4. The implantation rate was lowest in group 4 compared to all other groups, although not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in overall and clinical pregnancy rate between the groups.Conclusions: Serum estradiol level shows a positive correlation with the number of oocytes retrieved and good quality embryos. A higher estradiol level does not have a significant negative impact on the implantation rate, overall or clinical pregnancy rate

Umbilical endometriosis along with peritoneal endometriosis: a case report

Incidence of endometriosis is around 10 to 15% in women of reproductive age group. Umbilical endometriosis is a very rare entity. Extra genital endometriosis accounts to 3% of endometriosis. Incidence of umbilical endometriosis is 0.5%-4% of extra genital endometriosis. 30 years old multi gravida was referred to our hospital with c/o periodic bleeding from the umbilicus for the past 3 months. She was also having dysmenorrhoea for about 3 months. On examination, patient had a small bluish nodule in the umbilicus around 1.5x1.2 cm in size. Clinically there was suspicion of pelvic endometriosis as the uterus was retroverted and fixed. CT abdomen showed a small hypo-echoeic area in the umbilicus and uterus was adenomyotic with normal ovaries. Patient was given the option of laparoscopy and excision of umbilicus, as there was suspicion of peritoneal endometriosis and the patient also insisted upon laparoscopic sterilization. Laparoscopy showed early peritoneal endometriosis with pelvic adhesions and the same adhesiolysis was done along with cauterization of endometriosis. Sterilization was also done as per the patient’s request. Umbilical excision and layer closure was done. Umbilical endometriosis is a rare entity. This patient had associated early pelvic endometriosis. Umbilical endometriosis could be secondary to the lympho vascular spread from the pelvic endometriosis or primary umbilical endometriosis. History, clinical and imaging were pointing towards umbilical endometriosis. Surgical excision of umbilical endometriosis and cauterisation of early pelvic endometriosis were done. Patient needs follow up. Umbilical endometriosis may be primary or secondary which needs total excision and follow up

Appropriately differentiated ARPE-19 cells regain phenotype and gene expression profiles similar to those of native RPE cells.

PurposeThe RPE cell line ARPE-19 provides a dependable and widely used alternative to native RPE. However, replication of the native RPE phenotype becomes more difficult because these cells lose their specialized phenotype after multiple passages. Compounding this problem is the widespread use of ARPE-19 cells in an undifferentiated state to attempt to model RPE functions. We wished to determine whether suitable culture conditions and differentiation could restore the RPE-appropriate expression of genes and proteins to ARPE-19, along with a functional and morphological phenotype resembling native RPE. We compared the transcriptome of ARPE-19 cells kept in long-term culture with those of primary and other human RPE cells to assess the former's inherent plasticity relative to the latter.MethodsARPE-19 cells at passages 9 to 12 grown in DMEM containing high glucose and pyruvate with 1% fetal bovine serum were differentiated for up to 4 months. Immunocytochemistry was performed on ARPE-19 cells grown on filters. Total RNA extracted from ARPE-19 cells cultured for either 4 days or 4 months was used for RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis using a 2 × 50 bp paired end protocol. The RNA-Seq data were analyzed to identify the affected pathways and recognize shared ontological classification among differentially expressed genes. RPE-specific mRNAs and miRNAs were assessed with quantitative real-time (RT)-PCR, and proteins with western blotting.ResultsARPE-19 cells grown for 4 months developed the classic native RPE phenotype with heavy pigmentation. RPE-expressed genes, including RPE65, RDH5, and RDH10, as well as miR-204/211, were greatly increased in the ARPE-19 cells maintained at confluence for 4 months. The RNA-Seq analysis provided a comprehensive view of the relative abundance and differential expression of the genes in the differentiated ARPE-19 cells. Of the 16,757 genes with detectable signals, nearly 1,681 genes were upregulated, and 1,629 genes were downregulated with a fold change of 2.5 or more differences between 4 months and 4 days of culture. Gene Ontology analysis showed that the upregulated genes were associated with visual cycle, phagocytosis, pigment synthesis, cell differentiation, and RPE-related transcription factors. The majority of the downregulated genes play a role in cell cycle and proliferation.ConclusionsThe ARPE-19 cells cultured for 4 months developed a phenotype characteristic of native RPE and expressed proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs characteristic of the RPE. Comparison of the ARPE-19 RNA-Seq data set with that of primary human fetal RPE, embryonic stem cell-derived RPE, and native RPE revealed an important overall similar expression ratio among all the models and native tissue. However, none of the cultured models reached the absolute values in the native tissue. The results of this study demonstrate that low-passage ARPE-19 cells can express genes specific to native human RPE cells when appropriately cultured and differentiated