4,961 research outputs found
Dispersion and fidelity in quantum interferometry
We consider Mach-Zehnder and Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometers with nonclassical
states of light as input, and study the effect that dispersion inside the
interferometer has on the sensitivity of phase measurements. We study in detail
a number of different one- and two-photon input states, including Fock, dual
Fock, N00N states, and photon pairs from parametric downconversion. Assuming
there is a phase shift in one arm of the interferometer, we compute
the probabilities of measurement outcomes as a function of , and then
compute the Shannon mutual information between and the measurements.
This provides a means of quantitatively comparing the utility of various input
states for determining the phase in the presence of dispersion. In addition, we
consider a simplified model of parametric downconversion for which
probabilities can be explicitly computed analytically, and which serves as a
limiting case of the more realistic downconversion model.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures. Submitted to Physical Review
An experimental investigation of criteria for continuous variable entanglement
We generate a pair of entangled beams from the interference of two amplitude
squeezed beams. The entanglement is quantified in terms of EPR-paradox [Reid88]
and inseparability [Duan00] criteria, with observed results of and , respectively. Both results clearly beat the standard quantum
limit of unity. We experimentally analyze the effect of decoherence on each
criterion and demonstrate qualitative differences. We also characterize the
number of required and excess photons present in the entangled beams and
provide contour plots of the efficacy of quantum information protocols in terms
of these variables.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Generalized W-Class State and its Monogamy Relation
We generalize the W class of states from qubits to qudits and prove
that their entanglement is fully characterized by their partial entanglements
even for the case of the mixture that consists of a W-class state and a product
state .Comment: 12 pages, 1 figur
The super-oscillating superlens
We demonstrate a lens that creates a sub-wavelength focal spot beyond the near-field by exploiting the phenomenon of super-oscillation
Hertz-level Measurement of the 40Ca+ 4s 2S1/2-3d 2D5/2 Clock Transition Frequency With Respect to the SI Second through GPS
We report a frequency measurement of the clock transition of a single ^40Ca^+
ion trapped and laser cooled in a miniature ring Paul trap with 10^-15 level
uncertainty. In the measurement, we used an optical frequency comb referenced
to a Hydrogen maser, which was calibrated to the SI second through the Global
Positioning System (GPS). Two rounds of measurements were taken in May and June
2011, respectively. The frequency was measured to be 411 042 129 776 393.0(1.6)
Hz with a fractional uncertainty of 3.9{\times}10^-15 in a total averaging time
of > 2{\times}10^6 s within 32 days
Biharmonic Riemannian submersions from 3-manifolds
An important theorem about biharmonic submanifolds proved independently by
Chen-Ishikawa [CI] and Jiang [Ji] states that an isometric immersion of a
surface into 3-dimensional Euclidean space is biharmonic if and only if it is
harmonic (i.e, minimal). In a later paper [CMO2], Cadeo-Monttaldo-Oniciuc shown
that the theorem remains true if the target Euclidean space is replaced by a
3-dimensional hyperbolic space form. In this paper, we prove the dual results
for Riemannian submersions, i.e., a Riemannian submersion from a 3-dimensional
space form of non-positive curvature into a surface is biharmonic if and only
if it is harmonic
Continuous-Variable Spatial Entanglement for Bright Optical Beams
A light beam is said to be position squeezed if its position can be
determined to an accuracy beyond the standard quantum limit. We identify the
position and momentum observables for bright optical beams and show that
position and momentum entanglement can be generated by interfering two
position, or momentum, squeezed beams on a beam splitter. The position and
momentum measurements of these beams can be performed using a homodyne detector
with local oscillator of an appropriate transverse beam profile. We compare
this form of spatial entanglement with split detection-based spatial
entanglement.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PR
Photon bunching in parametric down-conversion with continuous wave excitation
The first direct measurement of photon bunching (g2 correlation function) in
one output arm of a spontaneous-parametric-down-conversion source operated with
a continuous pump laser in the single-photon regime is demonstrated. The result
is in agreement with the statistics of a thermal field of the same coherence
length, and shows the feasibility of investigating photon statistics with
compact cw-pumped sources. Implications for entanglement-based quantum
cryptography are discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, expanded introduction and experimental details
added. Accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.
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