An Unsupervised Classification Technique for Detection of Flipped Orientations in Document Images

Detection of text orientation in document images is of preliminary concern prior to processing of documents by Optical Character Reader. The text direction in document images should exist generally in a specific orientation, i.e.,   text direction for any automated document reading system. The flipped text orientation leads to an unambiguous result in such fully automated systems. In this paper, we focus on development of text orientation direction detection module which can be incorporated as the perquisite process in automatic reading system. Orientation direction detection of text is performed through employing directional gradient features of document image and adapts an unsupervised learning approach for detection of flipped text orientation at which the document has been originally fed into scanning device. The unsupervised learning is built on the directional gradient features of text of document based on four possible different orientations. The algorithm is experimented on document samples of printed plain English text as well as filled in pre-printed forms of Telugu script. The outcome attained by algorithm proves to be consistent and adequate with an average accuracy around 94%

Studies on Ultra Wideband Triangular Patch Antennas for Imaging Applications

This paper presents simulation and experimental studies on the characterization of ultra wideband antennas for imaging applications. Various configurations of antennas were simulated for their time and frequency domain characteristics with special emphasis on flat responses for group delay and gain versus frequency. Parametric studies reported here showed that locating the capacitive feed strip near the vertex of the triangle gave better response in these respects. An antenna with operating frequency from 2.9GHz to 4.1GHz was fabricated and measured

Gene therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma: An overview

A potential approach to the treatment of genetic disorders is gene therapy. The goal of gene therapy is to introduce therapeutic genetic material into the target cell to exert the intended therapeutic effect. Gene therapy has already shown promising results for the treatment of monogenic disorders such as severe combined immunodeficiency and haemophilia. Now the procedure has been extended to the level of treating malignant conditions such as cancer of the lungs, breast, colon etc. The prevalence of tumours of the larynx and oral cavity has increased in both developed and developing countries. This increase underscores the need for a novel therapeutic modality that would decrease or completely terminate the proliferation of malignant cells. This review highlights various types of gene therapy procedures with respect to oral squamous cell carcinoma

Study of Various Properties of Chemically Treated Lignocellulosic Cissus quadrangularis Stem Fiber for Composite Reinforcement

The increasing demand for natural fiber-reinforced composites has opened up the market for inexpensive, lightweight, bio-renewable, and environment-friendly plant fibers. The chemical treatments on fiber lead to the reduction of lignin and hemicellulose contents which helps in better adhesion with the matrix. The objective of this work is to do various chemical treatments on Cissus quadrangularis Stem Fiber (CQSF) and perform its characterization. The natural fibers are first extracted from the Cissus quadrangularis stem using the retting process. The fibers are then chemically treated with magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). The characterization of single fibers is investigated by single-fiber tensile test, chemical composition, thermogravimetric analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscope. Characterization results show that the MgCO3-treated CQSF has improved mechanical and thermal properties. Thus, MgCO3-treated CQSF is suggested for biocomposite preparation due to its promising mechanical properties and thermal properties

Role of genes in oro-dental diseases

In oral cavity, the spectrum of diseases due to genetic alterations ranges from developmental disturbances of teeth to the pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions. Of late, significant progress has been made in the molecular analysis of tumors. With molecular genetic testing emerging as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approach, a review of genetic alterations ranging from the development of oro-facial structures to the tumors in the head and neck region are addressed in this article. The functional regulatory aspect of genes in relation to oro-facial structures are discussed separately, i.e., in relation to tooth genesis, tooth agenesis (non-syndromic, syndromic), tooth structural alterations, syndromic oro-facial defects, bone diseases, skin diseases (genodermatoses), and malignant tumors. In this literature, various genes involved in the development of the oro-facial structures and tooth in particular are discussed. The genetic basis of disorders in the tooth development (agenesis, hypodontia), tooth structural defects like amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI), and oro-facial structural alterations (various syndromes) are explained